Search strategies and methods to identify interventions for reducing the use of restrictive practices in children and young people’s institutional settings See accompanying ReadMe documentation file for introduction to search methods used. 1. Search strategies per academic database: Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)‎ (ProQuest) Search Date: 24-01-2020 Records found: 1520 Search strategy notes: Search lines beginning ‘ti,ab’ search in title and abstract fields. Search lines beginning 'su' search in subject field y NEAR/x z searches for where word y and the word z are within x words apart. “xx xx” searches for the exact phrase that is displayed within the quote marks S16 (S8 AND S15 )AND pd(19890101-20201231) 1,520 S15 S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 403,037 S14 ti,ab(asylum OR refugee OR refugees OR migrant or migrants OR immigrant OR immigrants OR immigration) 21,003 S13 ti,ab(("Health Services" or hospital or hospitals or ward or ward or inpatient or patient or forensic OR forensics OR CAMHS OR "pediatric intensive care unit" OR "paediatric intensive care unit" OR PICI OR PICU OR "Care Facility" OR "Care Facilities" OR "Rehabilitation Center" OR "rehabilitation centers" OR "Rehabilitation Centre" OR "Rehabilitation Centres")) 232,866 S12 ti,ab(((health OR medical OR medicine OR psychiatry OR psychiatric OR mental) near/1(service OR services OR centres OR centre OR Center OR centers OR department OR departments OR facility OR facilities OR ward OR wards OR units OR unit)) OR ((child OR children or young or pediatric or paediatric or adolescent or adolescents) near/2 (service OR services))) 60,895 S11 ti,ab(((pupil OR pupils OR school OR schools OR schoolchildren OR child OR children OR education) near/2 (referral OR referrals )) OR ((education OR educational) near/1 (service OR services OR facility OR facilities OR institution OR institutions)) OR (Kindergarten OR Kindergartens OR Nursery OR pre-school OR pre-schools OR classroom OR classrooms OR school OR schools)) 86,446 S10 ti,ab(("juvenile justice" OR incarcerate OR incarcerated OR incarceration OR detention OR Custody OR Prison OR prisons OR prisoner OR prisoners OR jail OR jails OR detain OR detained OR inmate OR inmates OR Delinquent OR delinquents OR Delinquency) OR (secure near/2 (home OR homes OR accommodation OR unit OR units OR centre OR centres OR center OR centers OR service OR services OR facility Or facilities))) 26,323 S9 ti,ab(((youth or young or juvenile) near/1 (offending OR offender OR offenders)) OR ((foster OR residential) near/2 (care OR home OR homes)) OR ((children OR childrens) near/1 (home OR homes)) OR ((foster OR fostered OR fostering OR "looked after") AND (child OR children)) OR ("Foster Care" OR "Assisted Living" OR Orphanage OR Ophanages OR "Residential Care" OR "social worker" OR "social workers" OR "Social Work" OR "social care" OR orphan OR orphans) ) 43,759 S8 S1 AND (S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7) 3,843 S7 ti,ab( ((prn OR "pro re nata") NEAR/1 (medicate OR medicated OR medication OR medications)) OR ((rapid OR rapidly) AND (tranquillise OR tranquillize OR tranquilliser OR tranquillizer OR tranquillisers OR tranquillizers )) OR (safety NEAR/1 (huddle OR huddles OR plan OR plans OR planning)) OR ((weight OR weighted OR comfort) NEAR/1 (blanket OR blankets)) OR ((comfort OR safe OR sensory) NEAR/2 (room OR rooms)) OR ((restrict OR restricts OR restrictive OR restriction OR restrictions) NEAR/2 (practice OR practices OR intervention OR interventions OR liberty))) 555 S6 ti,ab( ((lock OR locked or locking) NEAR/1 (door OR doors OR ward OR wards OR room OR rooms)) OR (forced NEAR/1 (medicate OR medication OR medications OR medicated OR sedate OR sedation OR sedated OR drug OR drugs OR treatment OR treatments)) OR (involuntary NEAR/1 (medicate OR medication OR medications OR medicated OR sedate OR sedation OR sedated OR drug OR drugs OR treatment OR treatments)) ) 288 S5 ti,ab((violence NEAR/4 (prevent OR prevents OR prevention OR prevented OR manage OR managed OR management OR managing) NEAR/4 training) OR ((patient or patients) NEAR/1 (isolation OR segregation)) OR ((physical or physically) NEAR/1 (immobilise OR immobilize OR immobilised OR immobilized OR control)) ) 297 S4 ti,ab((Aggression OR Aggressive OR Aggressively) NEAR/4 (prevent OR prevents OR prevention OR prevented OR manage OR managed OR management OR managing) NEAR/4 training) 45 S3 ti,ab(holding NEAR/2 (therapeutic OR parent OR parents OR procedure OR procedures OR clinical OR physical OR treatment OR safe OR supportive)) OR (one-to-one NEAR/1 (nursing OR nurse OR nurses)) 185 S2 ti,ab(pain-compliance OR "solitary confinement" OR isolation OR compulsion OR compulsivity OR "calm down" OR "soft word" OR "soft words" OR "talk down" OR de-escalat* OR deescalat* OR seclusion OR seclude OR secluded OR restrain OR restraining OR restraint OR restraints OR restrains OR coercive OR coercion OR coerced) 12,214 S1 su,ti,ab((infant OR infants OR young OR schoolchild OR schoolchildren OR childhood OR children OR child OR adolescen* OR teen OR teens OR teenager OR teenagers OR youth OR youths OR girl OR girls OR boy OR boys OR pediatric OR pediatrics OR paediatric OR paediatrics OR juvenile OR juveniles)) 318,185 British Nursing Index (HDAS) Search Date: 24-01-2020 Records found: 709 Search strategy notes: Searches ending :ti,ab search in both title and abstract fields * is used for truncation. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x-1 words in-between word y and the word z. 1 (infant OR infants OR young OR schoolchild* OR childhood OR children OR child OR adolescen* OR teen OR teens OR teenager* OR youth OR youths OR girl OR girls OR boy OR boys OR paediatric* OR pediatric* OR juvenil*).ti,ab 112671 2 (one-to-one ADJ1 nurs*).ti,ab 35 3 (Aggress* ADJ3 (prevent* OR manag*)).ti,ab 540 4 (violence ADJ3 (prevent* OR manag*)).ti,ab 844 5 (patient* ADJ3 (isolation OR segregation)).ti,ab 269 6 (physical* ADJ2 (immobili* OR control)).ti,ab 134 7 ((lock OR locked OR locking) ADJ1 (door* OR ward* OR room*)).ti,ab 79 8 (forced ADJ1 (medic* OR sedat* OR drug* OR treatment*)).ti,ab 50 9 (involuntary ADJ1 (medic* OR sedat* OR drug* OR treatment*)).ti,ab 29 10 ((prn OR "pro re nata") ADJ1 medicat*).ti,ab 62 12 (rapid* AND tranq*).ti,ab 2 13 (safety ADJ1 (huddle* OR plan*)).ti,ab 186 14 ((weight* OR comfort) ADJ1 blanket*).ti,ab 7 15 ((comfort OR safe OR sensory) ADJ2 room*).ti,ab 58 16 (restric* ADJ2 (practice* OR intervention* OR liberty)).ti,ab 293 17 (pain-compliance).ti,ab 4 18 (solitary confinement).ti,ab 20 19 isolation OR compulsion OR compulsivity OR "calm down" OR "soft word*" OR "talk down" OR de-escalat* OR deescalat* OR seclusion OR seclude* OR restrain* OR coercive OR coercion OR coerced 6416 20 (2 OR 3 OR 4 OR 5 OR 6 OR 7 OR 8 OR 9 OR 10 OR 12 OR 13 OR 14 OR 15 OR 16 OR 17 OR 18 OR 19) 8567 21 ((youth OR young OR juvenile) ADJ1 offend*).ti,ab 204 22 (juvenile justice OR incarcerat* OR detention OR Custody OR Prison* OR Delinquen* OR jail* OR detain* OR inmate*).ti,ab 4670 23 (secure ADJ2 (home* OR accommodation OR unit* OR centre* OR center* OR service* OR facilit*)).ti,ab 535 24 ((foster OR residential) ADJ2 (care OR home*)).ti,ab 2919 25 ("Foster Care" OR Assisted Living OR Orphanage* OR "Residential Care" OR social worker* OR Social Work OR social care OR orphan*).ti,ab 25822 26 ((pupil* OR school* OR child* OR education) ADJ2 referral).ti,ab 202 27 (education* ADJ1 (service* OR facilit* OR institution*)).ti,ab 2011 28 (Kindergarten* OR Nursery OR pre-school* OR classroom* OR school*).ti,ab 27650 29 ((health OR medic* OR psychiatr* OR mental) ADJ1 (service* OR centre* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR Unit OR Units OR ward*)).ti,ab 46408 30 ((child* OR young OR pediatric OR paediatric OR adolescent*) ADJ2 services).ti,ab 2635 31 (Health Services OR hospital* OR ward* OR inpatient OR patient OR forensic* OR CAMHS OR "pediatric intensive care unit" OR "paediatric intensive care unit" OR PICI OR PICU OR Care Facilities OR Hospital Units OR Hospital* OR Rehabilitation Center* OR Rehabilitation Centre*).ti,ab 211252 48 ((foster* OR "looked after") AND child*).ti,ab 619 49 (children* ADJ1 home*).ti,ab 400 50 (asylum OR refugee* OR migrant* OR immigrant* OR immigration).ti,ab 6210 53 (1 AND 20) 1381 54 (21 OR 22 OR 23 OR 24 OR 25) 33084 65 (53 AND 54) 206 66 (26 OR 27 OR 28) 29558 67 (53 AND 66) 167 68 (29 OR 30) 47920 70 (29 AND 53) 134 71 (30 OR 31 OR 48 OR 49 OR 50) 223261 72 (53 AND 71) 483 73 (72 or 70 or 67 or 65) 709 CINAHL (EBSCOhost) Search Date: 30-01-2020 Records found: 4058 Search strategy notes: Search lines using an MH code are subject heading searches. Subject heading searches ending in a + are exploded. Search lines using a TI code search in the title only. Search lines using an AB code search in the abstract only. Search lines using a SU code search in subject Search lines using a TX code search in title, abstract, subject * is used for truncation. ? Is used for a compulsory wildcard. # is used for an optional wildcard. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x words in-between word y and the word z. S99 s91 NOT s97 (4,058) S98 s91 NOT s97 (4,081) S97 S92 OR S93 OR S94 OR S95 OR S96 (28,045) S96 TX ((car or vehicle) N1 (restraint* or safety or crash*)) (4,323) S95 TX ((Road or Traffic) N1 (injur* or trauma or accident*)) (16,825) S94 TX "motor vehicle*" (9,321) S93 TX (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety") (7,252) S92 (MH "Car Safety Devices") (2,199) S91 S6 AND S50 AND S90 (4,528) S90 S58 OR S68 OR S74 OR S86 OR S89 (3,849,499) S89 S87 OR S88 (25,505) S88 (MH "Emigration and Immigration") OR (MH "Immigrants+") OR (MH "Refugees") (24,180) S87 TX ((asylum OR refugee* OR migrant* OR immigrant* OR immigration) N4 (service* OR center* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR unit* OR reception OR accommodation)) 6495 S86 S75 OR S76 OR S77 OR S78 OR S79 OR S80 OR S81 OR S82 OR S83 OR S84 OR S85 (3,721,859) S85 TX ("pediatric intensive care unit") (3,570) S84 TX ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) N2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit* or unit? or ward?)) (1,751,717) S83 TI forensic* OR AB forensic* (8,602) S82 TX CAMHS (1,144) S81 TX PICU OR PICI (3,210) S80 (MH "Intensive Care Units, Pediatric") (5,469) S79 TX (inpatient or patient) (1,916,873) S78 TX (hospital? or ward?) (1,436,813) S77 (MH "Health Services+") (919,549) S76 TX ((child* or young or pediatric or paediatric or adolescent*) N2 services) (30,761) S75 MH "Ambulatory Care Facilities") OR ( (MH "Facility Design and Construction+") ) OR (MH "Hospital Units+") OR (MH "Hospitals+") OR (MH "Rehabilitation Centers+") (202,905) S74 S69 OR S70 OR S71 OR S72 OR S73 (204,058) S73 TX (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*) (8,278) S72 TX ((pupil* or school* or child or children* or education) and (referral N1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*)) (3,870) S71 TX classroom* or school* (165,640) S70 TX (education* N1 (service* or facilit* or institution*)) (13,625) S69 (MH "Schools+") (66,167) S68 S59 OR S60 OR S61 OR S62 OR S63 OR S64 OR S65 OR S66 OR S67 (72,499) S67 TX "social worker*" (17,419) S66 (MH "Social Work+") (11,905) S65 TX "social care" (19,152) S64 TX orphan* (5,977) S63 TX ((foster* or "looked after") and child*) (13,637) S62 TX (children* N1 home*) (2,035) S61 TX ((foster or residential) N (care or home*)) (147) S60 TX (secure N3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)) (1,353) S59 (MH "Foster Home Care") OR (MH "Assisted Living") OR ( (MH "Orphans and Orphanages") ) OR (MH "Residential Care") (13,437) S58 S51 OR S52 OR S53 OR S54 OR S55 OR S56 OR S57 (28,060) S57 TX "juvenile justice" (1,460) S56 TX (incarcerat* or detention or custody or prison* or jail* or detain* or inmate*) (20,875) S55 (MH "Involuntary Commitment") (1,846) S54 (MH "Child Custody") (1,326) S53 (MH "Prisoners") (8,319) S52 (MH "Juvenile Offenders") OR (MH "Juvenile Delinquency") OR (MH "Correctional Facilities") (9,821) S51 TX ((youth or young or juvenile*) N2 offend*) (2,610) S50 S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 OR S46 OR S47 OR S48 OR S49 (24,840) S49 "Br#set Violence Checklist*" (19) S48 TX "Proactive Management of Integrated Service* and Environment*" (303) S47 TX ("Positive and Safe" N1 (team? or plan?)) (1) S46 TX "ReSTRAIN YOURSELF" (2) S45 TX "manag* of actual or potential aggress*" (3) S44 TX (MAPA N5 (aggress* or cris#s)) (7) S43 TX (MAPA N1 (training or intervention or program*)) (1) S42 TX (CALM N1 (training or intervention or program*)) (37) S41 TX (CALM and (cris#s N6 manag*)) (10) S40 TX "crisis and aggression limitation and management" (1) S39 TX ("Creating Safety" N5 training) (460) S38 TX "People are and feel safe" (3) S37 TX "Roadmap to seclusion" (1) S36 TX "no force first" (3) S35 TX safewards (23) S34 S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 (24,764) S33 (isolation n3 (booth* or room*) (268) S32 TX pain-compliance (12) S31 TX (holding N3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)) (278) S30 TX (one-to-one N2 nurs*) (371) S29 TX (Aggress* N5 (prevent* or manag*) N5 training) (98) S28 TX (Violence N5 (prevent* or manag*) N5 training) (195) S27 TX (patient? N3 (isolation or segregation)) (3,541) S26 TX (physical* N1 (immobili* or control)) (668) S25 (lock or locked or locking) N3 (door* or ward? or room?) (200) S24 TX "solitary confinement" (56) S23 TX forced N3 (medic* OR sedat* or drug? or treatment?) (839) S22 TX (involuntary N3 (medic* OR sedat* or drug? or treatment?) (331) S21 TX compulsion or compulsivity (991) S20 TX ((prn or "pro re nata") N1 medicat*) (190) S19 TX (rapid* N2 tranq*) (63) S18 TX safety N2 (huddle? OR plan?) (513) S17 TX ((weight* or comfort) N1 blanket*) (30) S16 TX ((comfort or safe or sensory) N2 room?) (145) S15 TX "calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down" (92) S14 TX (de-escalat* or deescalat*) (1,156) S13 TX restric* N2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty) (1,456) S12 TX seclusion or seclude* (1,178) S11 TX restrain* (10,414) S10 TX coercive or coercion or coerced (3,697) S9 (MH "Coercion") or (MH "Involuntary Treatment") (1,965) S8 (MH "Patient Seclusion") (596) S7 (MH "Restraint, Physical") (3,975) S6 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 OR S5 (1,181,600) S5 TX (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*") (527,514) S4 (MH "Adolescent Health") OR (MH "Child Health") (18,820) S3 (MH "Adolescence+") OR (MH "Child+") (876,348) S2 (MH "Adolescent Behavior") OR (MH "Child Behavior") OR (MH "Infant Behavior") (25,822) S1 TI ( (child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or paediatric or pediatric or juvenil*) ) OR AB ( (child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or paediatric or pediatric or juvenil*) ) (580,951) Child Development and Adolescent Studies (EBSCOhost) 24-01-2020 Same strategy as Criminal Justice Abstracts Criminal Justice Abstracts (EBSCOhost) Search Date: 24-01-2020 Records found: 863 Search strategy notes: Search lines using a TI code search in the title only. Search lines using an AB code search in the abstract only. Search lines using a TX code search in title, abstract, subject * is used for truncation. ? Is used for a compulsory wildcard. # is used for an optional wildcard. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x words in-between word y and the word z. S65 S58 NOT S63 (863) S64 S58 NOT S63 (900) S63 S59 OR S60 OR S61 OR S62 (8,401) S62 TX ((car or vehicle) N1 (restraint* or safety or crash*)) (2,999) S61 TX ((Road or Traffic) N1 (injur* or trauma or accident*)) (5,235) S60 TX "motor vehicle*" (5,765) S59 TX (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety") (1,956) S58 S3 and s31 and s57 (1,030) S57 S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 OR S46 OR S47 OR S48 OR S49 OR S50 OR S51 OR S52 OR S53 OR S54 OR S55 OR S56 (237,211) S56 TX ((asylum OR refugee* OR migrant* OR immigrant* OR immigration) N4 (service* OR center* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR unit* OR reception OR accommodation)) (2,393) S55 TX ("pediatric intensive care unit" or "paediatric intensive care unit" or PICI or PICU) (20) S54 TX ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) N2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit* or unit? or ward?)) (63,333) S53 TI forensic* OR AB forensic* (20,560) S52 TX CAMHS (152) S51 TX hospital? or ward? or inpatient? or patient? (53,547) S50 TX "Health Services" (17,612) S49 TX ((child* or young or pediatric or paediatric or adolescent*) N2 services) (7,573) S48 TX "Care Facilit*" OR "Hospital Unit*" OR Hospital? OR "Rehabilitation Center?" or "Rehabilitation Centre?" (38,956) S47 TX (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*) (1,336) S46 TX ((pupil* or school* or child* or education) and (referral N1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*))) (125) S45 TX classroom* or school* (108,421) S44 TX (education* N1 (service* or facilit* or institution*)) (8,177) S43 TX "social work" OR "social worker*" (27,435) S42 TX "social care" (856) S41 TX orphan* (290) S40 TX ( ((foster* or "looked after") and child*) ) (3,299) S39 TX (children* N1 home*) (939) S38 TX ( ((foster or residential) N1 (care or home*)) ) (9,340) S37 TX ( (secure N3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)) ) (1,157) S36 TX ( "Foster Care" OR "Assisted Living" OR Orphanage? OR "Residential Care" ) (9,276) S35 TX ( Involuntary N1 (Commitment or hospitali*) ) (206) S34 TX ( prison* or custody or incarcerat* or detention or jail* or detain* or inmate* ) (48,786) S33 TX ( "Juvenile Delinquen*" or "juvenile justice" ) (11,230) S32 TX ( ((youth or young or juvenile) N2 offend*) ) (5,701) S31 S4 OR S5 OR S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 (7,631) S30 TX (isolation n3 (booth* or room*) (4) S29 TX ( ((violence or aggression) N5 (prevent* or manag*) N5 training) ) (52) S28 TX ( patient? N3 (isolation or segregat*) ) (11) S27 TX ("Br#set Violence Checklist*") (4) S26 TX "ReSTRAIN YOURSELF" (4) S25 TX "manag* of actual or potential aggress*" (0) S24 TX (MAPA N5 (aggress* or cris#s)) (0) S23 TX (MAPA N1 (training or intervention or program*)) (2) S22 TX (CALM N1 (training or intervention or program*)) (2) S21 TX (CALM and (cris#s N6 manag*)) (5) S20 TX "crisis and aggression limitation and management" (554) S19 TX ("Creating Safety" N5 training) (1,005) S18 TX (pain-compliance or safewards or "six core strategies" or "Roadmap to seclusion" or "People are and feel safe") (6) S17 TX ( (holding N3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)) ) (41) S16 TX (one-to-one N2 nurs*) (1) S15 TX ( (physical* N1 (immobili* or control)) ) (90) S14 TX ( (lock or locked or locking) N3 (door* or ward? or room?) ) (116) S13 TX "solitary confinement" (484) S12 TX (( involuntary or forced) N3 (medic* OR sedat* or drug? or treatment?)) (368) S11 TX ( (prn or "pro re nata") N1 medicat* ) (3) S10 TX (rapid* N2 tranq*) (2) S9 TX ( safety N1 (huddle? OR plan?) ) (87) S8 TX ((weight* or comfort) N1 blanket*) (569) S7 TX ( ((comfort or safe or sensory) N2 room?) ) (19) S6 TX ( "calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down" ) (8) S5 TX ( restric* N2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty) ) (196) S4 TX ( ( coercive or coercion or coerced or restrain* or seclude* or seclusion or de-escalat* or deescalat* )) ) (6,417) S3 S1 OR S2 (93,170) S2 TX (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*") (12,547) S1 TI (child OR childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric? or juvenil*) OR AB ( child OR childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric? or juvenil*) (87,778) Education Abstracts (H.W. Wilson) (EBSCOhost) Search Date: 14-06-2019 Records found: 968 Search strategy notes: Search lines using an DE code search in the subjects field. Search lines using a TI code search in the title only. Search lines using an AB code search in the abstract only. Search lines using a TX code search in title, abstract, subject * is used for truncation. ? Is used for a compulsory wildcard. # is used for an optional wildcard. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x words in-between word y and the word z. # Query Results S97 S94 OR S95 Limiters - Published Date: 19890101 968 S96 S94 OR S95 991 S95 DE "Physical restraint & seclusion of students" 25 S94 S88 NOT S93 975 S93 S89 OR S90 OR S91 OR S92 7,997 S92 TX ((car or vehicle) N1 (restraint* or safety or crash*)) 834 S91 TX ((Road or Traffic) N1 (injur* or trauma or accident*)) 1,108 S90 TX "motor vehicle*" 3,177 S89 TX (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety") 4,429 S88 S5 AND S48 AND S87 1,003 S87 S56 OR S67 OR S72 OR S83 OR S86 778,463 S86 S84 OR S85 7,512 S85 DE "Alien detention centers" OR DE "Immigrants" 2,450 S84 TX ((asylum OR refugee* OR migrant* OR immigrant* OR immigration) N4 (service* OR center* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR unit* OR reception OR accommodation)) 5,525 S83 S73 OR S74 OR S75 OR S76 OR S77 OR S78 OR S79 OR S80 OR S81 OR S82 113,796 S82 DE "Mental health services" OR DE "Crisis intervention (Mental health services)" OR DE "Psychotherapy" OR DE "School mental health services" 3,727 S81 TX ("pediatric intensive care unit") 8 S80 TX ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) N2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit* or unit? or ward?)) 53,279 S79 TI forensic* OR AB forensic* 1,228 S78 TX PICU OR PICI 56 S77 TX CAMHS 71 S76 TX (inpatient or patient) 42,895 S75 TX (hospital? or ward?) 24,996 S74 TX ((child* or young or pediatric or paediatric or adolescent*) N2 services) 18,435 S73 TX "Care Facilit*" OR Hospital? OR "Rehabilitation Center?" or "Rehabilitation Centre?" 23,519 S72 S68 OR S69 OR S70 OR S71 680,566 S71 TX (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*) 21,503 S70 TX ((pupil* or school* or child or children* or education) and (referral N1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*)) 287 S69 DE "Schools" OR DE "Adult education facilities" OR DE "Alternative schools" OR DE "American schools abroad" OR DE "Art schools" OR DE "Bilingual schools" OR DE "Boarding schools" OR DE "British schools" OR DE "Business schools" OR DE "Cathedral schools" OR DE "Charity-schools" OR DE "Charter schools" OR DE "Coeducational schools" OR DE "Commercialism in schools" OR DE "Community & school" OR DE "Computer programming schools" OR DE "Cooking schools" OR DE "Cooperative schools" OR DE "Correspondence schools & courses" OR DE "Cosmetology schools" OR DE "Court reporting schools" OR DE "Dance schools" OR DE "Day schools" OR DE "Disadvantaged schools" OR DE "Effective schools" OR DE "Elementary schools" OR DE "Ethnic schools" OR DE "European schools" OR DE "Evening & continuation schools" OR DE "Failing schools" OR DE "Film schools" OR DE "Fishery schools" OR DE "Flight schools" OR DE "Forestry schools" OR DE "Grant-maintained schools" OR DE "Gymnasiums (Educational institutions)" OR DE "Gülen movement schools" OR DE "Harassment in schools" OR DE "Health occupations schools" OR DE "Heterosexism in schools" OR DE "Homophobia in schools" OR DE "Hospital schools" OR DE "Institutional schools" OR DE "Instructional materials centers" OR DE "International schools" OR DE "Irish Gaelic language schools" OR DE "Jewish religious schools" OR DE "Laboratory schools" OR DE "Landscape architecture schools" OR DE "Language schools" OR DE "Libraries & schools" OR DE "Library schools" OR DE "Manual training" OR DE "Military post schools" OR DE "Mining schools" OR DE "Mission schools" OR DE "Mobile schools" OR DE "Montessori schools" OR DE "Museums & schools" OR DE "Music conservatories" OR DE "Naturopathic schools" OR DE "Open-air schools" OR DE "Platoon schools" OR DE "Preschools" OR DE "Primary schools" OR DE "Private schools" OR DE "Professional schools" OR DE "Public schools" OR DE "Refugee camp schools" OR DE "Religious schools" OR DE "Rural schools" OR DE "School bullying" OR DE "School closings" OR DE "School districts" OR DE "School enrollment" OR DE "Schools of architecture" OR DE "Secondary schools" OR DE "Secretary schools" OR DE "Singing schools" OR DE "Single sex schools" OR DE "Small schools" OR DE "Special education schools" OR DE "Suburban schools" OR DE "Summer schools" OR DE "Sunday schools" OR DE "Textile schools" OR DE "Theater schools" OR DE "Traditional schools" OR DE "Universities & colleges" OR DE "Urban schools" OR DE "Vacation schools" OR DE "Virtual schools" OR DE "Vocational schools" OR DE "Year-round schools" 65,275 S68 TX classroom* or school* 670,431 S67 S57 OR S58 OR S59 OR S60 OR S61 OR S62 OR S63 OR S64 OR S65 OR S66 17,537 S66 DE "Social workers" OR DE "Child welfare workers" OR DE "Psychiatric social workers" OR DE "Social workers as teachers" OR DE "Social workers in education" 1,744 S65 TX "social worker*" 4,758 S64 TX orphan* 1,382 S63 DE "Foster home care" OR DE "Adoption" OR DE "Foster children" 2,531 S62 TX ((foster* or "looked after") and child*) 8,307 S61 TX (children* N1 home*) 1,683 S60 TX ((foster or residential) N (care or home*)) 78 S59 TX (secure N3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)) 237 S58 DE "Group homes" OR DE "Foster home care" OR DE "Institutional care" 1,792 S57 TX "Foster Care" OR "Assisted Living" OR Orphanage? OR "Residential Care" 4,574 S56 S49 OR S50 OR S51 OR S52 OR S53 OR S54 OR S55 20,032 S55 TX incarcerat* or detention 5,259 S54 TX (prison* OR custody OR jail* OR detain* OR inmate*) 14,019 S53 TX "Juvenile Delinquen*" 3,663 S52 TX "juvenile justice" 1,096 S51 ((ZU "juvenile prisoners")) or ((ZU "prisoners")) 852 S50 DE "Problem youth" OR DE "Juvenile delinquents" OR DE "Gangs" OR DE "Juvenile detention homes" OR DE "Detention facilities" 1,645 S49 ((youth or young or juvenile) N2 offend*) 1,648 S48 S6 OR S7 OR S8 OR S9 OR S10 OR S11 OR S12 OR S13 OR S14 OR S15 OR S16 OR S17 OR S18 OR S19 OR S20 OR S21 OR S22 OR S23 OR S24 OR S25 OR S26 OR S27 OR S28 OR S29 OR S30 OR S31 OR S32 OR S33 OR S34 OR S35 OR S36 OR S37 OR S38 OR S39 OR S40 OR S41 OR S42 OR S43 OR S44 OR S45 OR S46 OR S47 6,440 S47 DE "Timeout method" 85 S46 TX (isolation n3 (booth* or room*) 12 S45 TX "Br#set Violence Checklist*" 2 S44 TX "Proactive Management of Integrated Service* and Environment*" 1,166 S43 TX ("Positive and Safe" N1 (team? or plan?)) 1,108 S42 TX "manag* of actual or potential aggress*" 5 S41 TX (MAPA N5 (aggress* or cris#s)) 2 S40 TX (MAPA N1 (training or intervention or program*)) 7 S39 TX (CALM N1 (training or intervention or program*)) 5 S38 TX (CALM and (cris#s N6 manag*)) 3 S37 TX "crisis and aggression limitation and management" 634 S36 TX ("Creating Safety" N5 training) 1,231 S35 TX "People are and feel safe" 498 S34 TX "Roadmap to seclusion" 2 S33 TX "no force first" 855 S32 TX "six core strategies" 570 S31 TX safewards 0 S30 TX pain-compliance 55 S29 TX (holding N3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)) 99 S28 TX (one-to-one N2 nurs*) 8 S27 TX (Aggress* N5 (prevent* or manag*) N5 training) 14 S26 TX (Violence N5 (prevent* or manag*) N5 training) 24 S25 TX (patient? N3 (isolation or segregation)) 10 S24 TX (physical* N1 (immobili* or control)) 72 S23 (lock or locked or locking) N3 (door* or ward? or room?) 93 S22 TX "solitary confinement" 112 S21 TX forced N3 (medic* OR sedat* or drug? or treatment?) 30 S20 TX (involuntary N3 (medic* OR sedat* or drug? or treatment?) 25 S19 TX compulsion or compulsivity 778 S18 TX ((prn or "pro re nata") N1 medicat*) 3 S17 TX (rapid* N2 tranq*) 726 S16 TX (rapid* N2 tranq*) 726 S15 TX safety N2 (huddle? OR plan?) 123 S14 TX ((weight* or comfort) N1 blanket*) 7 S13 TX ((comfort or safe or sensory) N2 room?) 31 S12 TX "calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down" 59 S11 TX (de-escalat* or deescalat*) 71 S10 TX restric* N2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty) 177 S9 ((ZU "restraint of patients")) or ((ZU "seclusion of psychiatric hospital patients")) 122 S8 TX seclusion or seclude* 276 S7 TX restrain* 3,059 S6 TX coercive or coercion or coerced 1,582 S5 S1 OR S2 OR S3 OR S4 279,420 S4 TX (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*") 48,659 S3 DE "Youth" OR DE "At-risk youth" OR DE "Bisexual youth" OR DE "Black youth" OR DE "Juvenile delinquents" OR DE "LGBT youth" OR DE "Mentally ill youth" OR DE "Minority youth" OR DE "Problem youth" OR DE "Religious education of young people" OR DE "School dropouts" OR DE "Teenagers" OR DE "Urban youth" OR DE "Young adults" OR DE "Youth with disabilities" OR DE "Adolescence" OR DE "Children" 27,391 S2 (((ZU "children")) or ((ZU "adolescence"))) or ((ZU "teenagers")) 15,456 S1 TI (child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric? or juvenil*) OR AB (child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric? or juvenil*) 246,211 Embase Classic+Embase (Ovid) 1947 to 2020 January 21 Search Date: 22-01-2020 Records found: 5120 Search strategy notes: Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Search lines ending in .tw. search in the title and abstract only. Search lines ending in .tw,kw search in the title, abstract and keywords only. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. # is used for a compulsory wildcard. ? is used for an optional wildcard. y ADJx z searches for where there are up to x-1 words in-between the word y and the word z. “xx xx” searches for the exact phrase that is displayed within the quote marks /pc searches for sub-heading ‘prevention or control’ 1 child Restraint system/ (556) 2 Patient Isolation/ (634) 3 aggression/pc (10) 4 (coercive or coercion or coerced).tw,kw. (6984) 5 restrain*.tw,kw. (53917) 6 (seclusion or seclude*).tw,kw. (2135) 7 (restric* adj2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty)).tw,kw. (1743) 8 (de-escalat* or deescalat*).tw,kw. (4838) 9 ("calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down").tw,kw. (148) 10 ((comfort or safe or sensory) adj2 room?).tw,kw. (170) 11 ((weight* or comfort) adj1 blanket*).tw,kw. (19) 12 safety huddle?.tw,kw. (93) 13 safety plan?.tw,kw. (468) 14 (rapid* adj2 tranq*).tw,kw. (205) 15 ((prn or "pro re nata") adj1 medicat*).tw,kw. (339) 16 (compulsion or compulsivity).tw,kw. (3426) 17 (involuntary adj3 medic*).tw,kw. (209) 18 (involuntary adj3 sedat*).tw,kw. (13) 19 (involuntary adj3 drug?).tw,kw. (82) 20 (forced adj3 medic?).tw,kw. (1) 21 (forced adj3 drug?).tw,kw. (283) 22 (forced adj3 treatment?).tw,kw. (760) 23 (forced adj3 sedat*).tw,kw. (15) 24 solitary confinement.tw. (122) 25 (lock* adj3 door*).tw,kw. (267) 26 (lock* adj3 ward?).tw,kw. (184) 27 ((lock* or locked or locks or locking) adj3 room?).tw,kw. (170) 28 (physical* adj (immobili* or control)).tw,kw. (476) 29 (patient? adj3 (isolation or segregation)).tw,kw. (5393) 30 (Violence adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,kw. (144) 31 (Aggress* adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,kw. (114) 32 (one-to-one adj2 nurs*).tw,kw. (223) 33 (holding adj3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)).tw,kw. (687) 34 pain-compliance.tw,kw. (28) 35 (isolation adj3 (booth* or room*)).tw,kw. (878) 36 or/1-35 [Restraint Coercion or de escalation Practices] (82615) 37 safewards.tw. (22) 38 "no force first".tw. (2) 39 "six core strategies".tw. (20) 40 "Roadmap to seclusion".tw. (0) 41 "People are and feel safe".tw. (0) 42 ("Creating Safety" adj5 training).tw. (1) 43 "crisis and aggression limitation and management".tw. (0) 44 (CALM and (cris#s adj6 manag*)).tw. (10) 45 (CALM adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (29) 46 (MAPA adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (0) 47 (MAPA adj5 (aggress* or cris#s)).tw. (0) 48 "manag* of actual or potential aggress*".tw,kw. (0) 49 "ReSTRAIN YOURSELF".tw. (6) 50 ("Positive and Safe" adj (team? or plan?)).tw. (0) 51 "Proactive Management of Integrated Service* and Environment*".tw. (1) 52 "Br#set Violence Checklist*".tw. (36) 53 or/37-52 [Restraint reduction programmes] (124) 54 36 or 53 [Restraint practices or programmes] (82690) 55 (childhood or children or child or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric? or juvenil*).tw. (2453890) 56 (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*").tw. (630354) 57 adolescent behavior/ (9381) 58 Infant Behavio?r.tw. (870) 59 child behavior/ (44482) 60 exp child/ (2957728) 61 infant/ (689598) 62 child, preschool/ (432377) 63 adolescent health/ or child health/ (33875) 64 Adolescent/ or juvenile/ (1652678) 65 or/55-64 [Children] (4540974) 66 ((youth or young) adj2 offend*).tw,kw. (971) 67 ((child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen* or girl? or boy? or p?ediatric* or juvenil*) adj offend*).tw,kw. (1259) 68 Juvenile Delinquency/ (9010) 69 prison/ or detention/ (18606) 70 prisoner/ or criminal/ (31240) 71 (police* or custody or prison* or jail* or detain* or inmate*).tw,kw. (50266) 72 incarcerat*.tw,kw. (14559) 73 detention.tw,kw. (4321) 74 juvenile justice.tw,kw. (1352) 75 or/66-74 [Criminal Justice Setting] (91676) 76 foster care/ (4889) 77 residential home/ or assisted living facility/ or orphanage/ (10630) 78 (secure adj3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)).tw,kw. (1579) 79 ((foster or residential) adj (care or home*)).tw,kw. (8408) 80 (Children* adj home*).tw,kw. (1244) 81 ((foster* or "looked after") and child*).tw,kw. (7840) 82 orphan*.tw,kw. (23197) 83 social care.tw,kw. (7842) 84 exp Social Work/ (26382) 85 social worker*.tw,kw. (16739) 86 or/76-85 [Social or residential care] (94533) 87 exp School/ (380991) 88 (education* adj (service* or facilit* or institution*)).tw,kw. (6817) 89 classroom*.tw,kw. (20247) 90 school*.tw,kw. (362284) 91 ((pupil* or school* or child* or education) and (referral adj1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*))).tw,kw. (5796) 92 (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*).tw,kw. (25560) 93 or/87-92 [Educational institutions] (650724) 94 ((exp ambulatory care/ or exp healthcare facility/ or exp hospital subdivisions/) and components/) or exp hospital/ or exp rehabilitation center/ (1205943) 95 ((child* or young or p?ediatric or adolescent*) adj2 services).tw. (13648) 96 exp health service/ (5458744) 97 (hospital? or ward?).tw,kw. (1764428) 98 (inpatient or patient).tw,kw. (3534702) 99 Intensive Care/ (123003) 100 CAMHS.tw,kw. (773) 101 forensic*.tw,kw. (65695) 102 ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) adj2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit*or ward? or unit?)).tw,kw. (467131) 103 ("pediatric intensive care unit" or PICI or PICU).tw,kw. (14371) 104 or/94-103 [Health care setting] (8790988) 105 immigrant/ or exp refugee/ (28528) 106 migration/ or immigration/ (45846) 107 ((asylum or refugee* or migrant* or immigrant* or immigration) adj4 (service* or center* or center* or department* or facilit* or unit* or reception or accommodation)).tw,kw. (4551) 108 or/105-107 [refugee settings] (71154) 109 75 or 86 or 93 or 104 or 108 [Settings] (9264068) 110 54 and 65 and 109 (6269) 111 (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety").tw,kw. (16071) 112 motor vehicle*.tw,kw. (19048) 113 ((Road or Traffic) adj (injur* or trauma or accident*)).tw,kw. (19582) 114 ((car or vehicle) adj (restraint* or safety or crash*)).tw,kw. (5532) 115 or/111-114 [seat belts] (51659) 116 110 not 115 (5684) 117 exp animals/ not exp human/ (5366155) 118 exp nonhuman/ not exp human/ (4544080) 119 exp experimental animal/ (689337) 120 exp veterinary medicine/ (46916) 121 animal experiment/ (2478525) 122 or/117-121 [animal studies] (7591696) 123 116 not 122 (5584) 124 limit 123 to yr="1989 -Current" (5120) ERIC - Education Resources Information Center (EBSCOhost) 30-01-2020 Same strategy as Criminal Justice Abstracts Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily 1946 to January 20, 2020 Search Date: 22-01-2020 Records found: 4290 Search strategy notes: Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Search lines ending in .tw. search in the title and abstract only. Search lines ending in .tw,kw search in the title, abstract and keyword heading only. Search lines ending in .tw,kf search in the title, abstract and keyword heading word only. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. # is used for a compulsory wildcard. ? is used for an optional wildcard. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x-1 words in-between word y and the word z. “xx xx” searches for the exact phrase that is displayed within the quote marks 1 Restraint, Physical/ (11724) 2 Patient Isolation/ or involuntary treatment/ or involuntary treatment, psychiatric/ (3880) 3 coercion/ (4528) 4 (coercive or coercion or coerced).tw,kw. (6212) 5 restrain*.tw,kw. (43001) 6 (seclusion or seclude*).tw,kw. (1707) 7 (restric* adj2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty)).tw,kw. (1309) 8 (de-escalat* or deescalat*).tw,kw. (2309) 9 ("calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down").tw,kw. (91) 10 ((comfort or safe or sensory) adj2 room?).tw,kw. (116) 11 ((weight* or comfort) adj1 blanket*).tw,kw. (14) 12 safety huddle?.tw,kw. (32) 13 safety plan?.tw,kw. (339) 14 (rapid* adj2 tranq*).tw,kw. (132) 15 ((prn or "pro re nata") adj1 medicat*).tw,kw. (201) 16 (compulsion or compulsivity).tw,kw. (1957) 17 (involuntary adj3 medic*).tw,kw. (154) 18 (involuntary adj3 sedat*).tw,kw. (12) 19 (involuntary adj3 drug?).tw,kw. (62) 20 (forced adj3 medic?).tw,kw. (2) 21 (forced adj3 drug?).tw,kw. (176) 22 (forced adj3 treatment?).tw,kw. (520) 23 (forced adj3 sedat*).tw,kw. (11) 24 solitary confinement.tw. (110) 25 (lock* adj3 door*).tw,kw. (187) 26 (lock* adj3 ward?).tw,kw. (136) 27 ((lock* or locked or locks or locking) adj3 room?).tw,kw. (122) 28 (physical* adj (immobili* or control)).tw,kw. (375) 29 (patient? adj3 (isolation or segregation)).tw,kw. (3120) 30 (Violence adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,kw. (122) 31 (Aggress* adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,kw. (91) 32 (one-to-one adj2 nurs*).tw,kw. (153) 33 (holding adj3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)).tw,kf. (473) 34 pain-compliance.tw,kw. (13) 35 (isolation adj3 (booth* or room*)).tw,kw. (518) 36 or/1-35 [Restraint Coercion or de escalation Practices] (72310) 37 safewards.tw. (23) 38 "no force first".tw. (2) 39 "six core strategies".tw. (19) 40 "Roadmap to seclusion".tw. (0) 41 "People are and feel safe".tw. (0) 42 ("Creating Safety" adj5 training).tw. (1) 43 "crisis and aggression limitation and management".tw. (1) 44 (CALM and (cris#s adj6 manag*)).tw. (6) 45 (CALM adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (25) 46 (MAPA adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (0) 47 (MAPA adj5 (aggress* or cris#s)).tw. (0) 48 "manag* of actual or potential aggress*".tw,kw. (0) 49 "ReSTRAIN YOURSELF".tw. (6) 50 ("Positive and Safe" adj (team? or plan?)).tw. (0) 51 "Proactive Management of Integrated Service* and Environment*".tw. (2) 52 "Br#set Violence Checklist*".tw. (31) 53 or/37-52 [Restraint reduction programmes] (111) 54 36 or 53 [Restraint practices or programmes] (72376) 55 (child* or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric* or juvenil*).tw. (1824786) 56 (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*").tw. (473184) 57 adolescent behavior/ (29867) 58 Infant Behavior/ (3395) 59 child behavior/ (18044) 60 child/ (1655935) 61 infant/ (777831) 62 child, preschool/ (901017) 63 adolescent health/ or child health/ or infant health/ (3654) 64 Adolescent/ (1985884) 65 or/55-64 [Children] (3905593) 66 ((youth or young) adj2 offend*).tw,kf. (717) 67 ((child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen* or girl? or boy? or p?ediatric* or juvenil*) adj offend*).tw,kf. (1020) 68 Juvenile Delinquency/ (8479) 69 prisons/ (9404) 70 prisoners/ or criminals/ (20252) 71 (police* or custody or prison* or jail* or detain* or inmate*).tw,kf. (38215) 72 incarcerat*.tw,kw. (11201) 73 detention.tw,kw. (2897) 74 juvenile justice.tw,kw. (1074) 75 or/66-74 [Criminal Justice Setting] (66001) 76 foster home care/ (3568) 77 residential facilities/ or assisted living facilities/ or group homes/ or orphanages/ (7995) 78 (secure adj3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)).tw,kw. (996) 79 ((foster or residential) adj (care or home*)).tw,kf. (6673) 80 (Children* adj home*).tw,kw. (984) 81 orphan*.tw,kf. (16689) 82 ((foster* or "looked after") and child*).tw,kw. (6054) 83 social care.tw,kf. (5965) 84 exp Social Work/ (17378) 85 social worker*.tw,kf. (9541) 86 or/76-85 [Social or residential care] (64880) 87 exp Schools/ (115264) 88 (education* adj (service* or facilit* or institution*)).tw,kf. (5194) 89 classroom*.tw,kf. (16539) 90 school*.tw,kf. (276091) 91 ((pupil* or school* or child* or education) and (referral adj1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*))).tw,kf. (3537) 92 (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*).tw,kf. (19781) 93 or/87-92 [Educational institutions] (362644) 94 exp ambulatory care facilities/ or exp "facility design and construction"/ or exp hospital units/ or exp hospitals/ or exp rehabilitation centers/ (437574) 95 ((child* or young or p?ediatric or adolescent*) adj2 services).tw. (9902) 96 exp health services/ (2083410) 97 (hospital? or ward?).tw,kf. (1130394) 98 (inpatient or patient).tw,kf. (2215426) 99 Intensive Care Units, Pediatric/ (7380) 100 CAMHS.tw,kf. (361) 101 forensic*.tw,kf. (44153) 102 ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) adj2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit*or ward? or unit?)).tw,kf. (337422) 103 ("pediatric intensive care unit" or PICI or PICU).tw,kw. (7535) 104 or/94-103 [Health care setting] (4846730) 105 Refugees/ or "Emigration and Immigration"/ or exp "Emigrants and Immigrants"/ (43513) 106 ((asylum or refugee* or migrant* or immigrant* or immigration) adj4 (service* or center* or center* or department* or facilit* or unit* or reception or accommodation)).tw,kw. (4607) 107 or/105-106 [refugee setting] (45132) 108 75 or 86 or 93 or 104 or 107 [Settings] (5190254) 109 54 and 65 and 108 (5376) 110 Seat Belts/ (3789) 111 (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety").tw,kw. (12177) 112 motor vehicle*.tw,kw. (14164) 113 ((Road or Traffic) adj (injur* or trauma or accident*)).tw,kw. (14192) 114 ((car or vehicle) adj (restraint* or safety or crash*)).tw,kw. (4600) 115 or/110-114 [seatbelts] (39265) 116 109 not 115 (4855) 117 exp Animals/ not exp Humans/ (4665657) 118 116 not 117 (4846) 119 limit 118 to yr="1989 -Current" (4290) PsycINFO (Ovid) 1806 to January Week 2 2020 Search Date: 22-01-2020 Records found: 2624 Search strategy notes: Search lines ending in a ‘/’ are subject heading searches. Search lines beginning ‘exp’ are exploded subject heading searches. Search lines ending in .tw. search in the title and abstract only. Search lines ending in .tw,id search in the title, abstract and key concept fields only. Search lines ending in .ag. search in the age group field only. or/x-y combines search sets in the range x-y with Boolean operator OR. * is used for truncation of words. # is used for a compulsory wildcard. ? is used for an optional wildcard. y Nx z searches for where there are up to x-1 words in-between word y and the word z. “xx xx” searches for the exact phrase that is displayed within the quote marks 1 Physical Restraint/ (2080) 2 Patient seclusion/ (500) 3 coercion/ or exp Involuntary Treatment/ (3369) 4 (coercive or coercion or coerced).tw,id. (9212) 5 restrain*.tw,id. (14924) 6 (seclusion or seclude*).tw,id. (1619) 7 (restric* adj2 (practice* or intervention* or liberty)).tw,id. (603) 8 (de-escalat* or deescalat*).tw,id. (629) 9 ("calm down" or "soft word?" or "talk down").tw,id. (122) 10 ((comfort or safe or sensory) adj2 room?).tw,id. (67) 11 ((weight* or comfort) adj1 blanket*).tw,id. (11) 12 safety huddle?.tw,id. (2) 13 safety plan?.tw,id. (226) 14 (rapid* adj2 tranq*).tw,id. (123) 15 ((prn or "pro re nata") adj1 medicat*).tw,id. (142) 16 (compulsion or compulsivity).tw,id. (4013) 17 (involuntary adj3 medic*).tw,id. (194) 18 (involuntary adj3 sedat*).tw,id. (6) 19 (involuntary adj3 drug?).tw,id. (44) 20 (forced adj3 medic?).tw,id. (0) 21 (forced adj3 drug?).tw,id. (73) 22 (forced adj3 treatment?).tw,id. (206) 23 (forced adj3 sedat*).tw,id. (5) 24 "solitary confinement".tw. (203) 25 ((lock or locked) adj3 door*).tw,id. (170) 26 ((lock or locked) adj3 ward*).tw,id. (183) 27 ((lock* or locked or locks or locking) adj3 room?).tw,id. (119) 28 (physical* adj (immobili* or control)).tw,id. (140) 29 (patient? adj3 (isolation or segregation)).tw,id. (290) 30 (Violence adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,id. (160) 31 (Aggress* adj5 (prevent* or manag*) adj5 training).tw,id. (131) 32 (one-to-one adj2 nurs*).tw,id. (36) 33 (holding adj3 (therapeutic or parent* or procedure* or clinical or physical or treatment or safe or supportive)).tw,id. (378) 34 pain-compliance.tw,id. (6) 35 (isolation adj3 (booth* or room*)).tw,id. (53) 36 or/1-35 [Restraint Coercion or de escalation Practices] (33345) 37 safewards.tw. (15) 38 "no force first".tw. (1) 39 "six core strategies".tw. (19) 40 "Roadmap to seclusion".tw. (0) 41 "People are and feel safe".tw. (0) 42 ("Creating Safety" adj5 training).tw. (1) 43 "crisis and aggression limitation and management".tw. (0) 44 (CALM and (cris#s adj6 manag*)).tw. (6) 45 (CALM adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (23) 46 (MAPA adj (training or intervention or program*)).tw. (0) 47 (MAPA adj5 (aggress* or cris#s)).tw. (0) 48 "manag* of actual or potential aggress*".tw,id. (0) 49 "ReSTRAIN YOURSELF".tw. (4) 50 ("Positive and Safe" adj (team? or plan?)).tw. (0) 51 "Proactive Management of Integrated Service* and Environment*".tw. (1) 52 "Br#set Violence Checklist*".tw. (32) 53 or/37-52 [Restraint reduction programmes] (100) 54 36 or 53 [Restraint practices or programmes] (33403) 55 (child* or adolescen*).ag. (773653) 56 (child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen or teens or teenager* or youth or youths or girl or girls or boy or boys or p?ediatric* or juvenil*).tw. (901563) 57 (infant or infants or "young people" or "young person" or "young adult" or " young m?n" or "young wom?n" or "schoolchild*").tw. (132121) 58 adolescent attitudes/ (19619) 59 child attitudes/ (7212) 60 preschool students/ (10874) 61 or/55-60 [Children] (1169277) 62 ((youth or young) adj2 offend*).tw,id. (2216) 63 ((child or childhood or children or adolescen* or teen* or girl? or boy? or p?ediatric* or juvenil*) adj offend*).tw,id. (3636) 64 Juvenile Delinquency/ or juvenile justice/ (18531) 65 prisons/ or exp correctional institutions/ or incarceration/ (13537) 66 prisoners/ or criminal behavior/ or legal detention/ (19679) 67 (police* or custody or prison* or jail* or inmate* or detain*).tw,id. (56775) 68 incarcerat*.tw,id. (12556) 69 detention.tw,id. (3511) 70 juvenile justice.tw,id. (3756) 71 or/62-70 [Criminal Justice Setting] (88635) 72 foster care/ (5842) 73 residential care institutions/ or assisted living/ or group homes/ or orphanages/ (12198) 74 (secure adj3 (home* or accommodation or unit* or centre* or center* or service* or facilit*)).tw. (1435) 75 ((foster or residential) adj (care or home*)).tw,id. (11091) 76 (Children* adj home*).tw,id. (1040) 77 ((foster* or "looked after") and child*).tw,id. (15649) 78 orphan*.tw,id. (3314) 79 social care.tw,id. (4166) 80 exp Social Work/ (17911) 81 social worker*.tw,id. (24405) 82 or/72-81 [Social or residential care] (72388) 83 exp Schools/ (67633) 84 (education* adj (service* or facilit* or institution*)).tw,id. (10781) 85 classroom*.tw,id. (89044) 86 school*.tw,id. (398015) 87 ((pupil* or children or child or education) and (referral adj1 (unit* or centre* or center* or facilit* or service*))).tw,id. (354) 88 (Kindergarten* or Nursery or pre-school*).tw,id. (25141) 89 or/83-88 [Educational institutions] (470238) 90 exp healthcare facilities/ or exp hospital environment/ or exp hospitals/ or exp rehabilitation centers/ (26176) 91 ((child* or young or p?ediatric or adolescent*) adj2 services).tw. (10093) 92 exp health services/ (0) 93 (hospital? or ward?).tw,id. (131559) 94 (inpatient or patient).tw,id. (264410) 95 Intensive Care/ (4132) 96 CAMHS.tw,id. (590) 97 forensic*.tw,id. (19051) 98 ((health or medic* or psychiat* or mental) adj2 (service? or center? or centre? or department? or facilit* or ward? or unit?)).tw,id. (117231) 99 ("pediatric intensive care unit" or PICI or PICU).tw,id. (506) 100 or/90-99 [Health care setting] (458342) 101 refugees/ or immigration/ or Asylum Seeking/ (26542) 102 ((asylum or refugee* or migrant* or immigrant* or immigration) adj4 (service* or center* or center* or department* or facilit* or unit* or reception or accommodation)).tw,id. (4247) 103 or/101-102 [refugee settings] (27552) 104 71 or 82 or 89 or 100 or 103 [Settings] (1041327) 105 54 and 61 and 104 (3126) 106 (seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety").tw,id. (5169) 107 exp Safety Belts/ (581) 108 motor vehicle*.tw,id. (3785) 109 ((Road or Traffic) adj (injur* or trauma or accident*)).tw,id. (2904) 110 ((car or vehicle) adj (restraint* or safety or crash*)).tw,id. (1460) 111 or/106-110 [seatbelts] (11495) 112 105 not 111 (3056) 113 limit 112 to yr="1989 -Current" (2624) Scopus https://www.scopus.com/ Search Date: 13-06-2019 Records found: 3282 Search strategy notes: Search lines beginning TITLE-ABS search in the title and abstract only. Search lines beginning SUBJAREA search in the subject area field only. Search lines ending in .tw,id search in the title, abstract and key concept fields only. * is used for truncation of words. y Wx z searches for where there are up to x-1 words in-between word y and the word z. “xx xx” searches for the exact phrase that is displayed within the quote marks (( TITLE-ABS ( ( infant OR infants OR young OR schoolchild* OR child OR childhood OR children OR adolescen* OR teen OR teens OR teenager* OR youth OR youths OR girl OR girls OR boy OR boys OR pediatric* OR paediatric* OR juvenil* ) ) ) AND ( ( TITLE-ABS ( ( holding W/2 ( therapeutic OR parent* OR procedure* OR clinical OR physical OR treatment OR safe OR supportive ) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( aggress* W/4 ( prevent* OR manag* ) W/4 training ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( violence W/4 ( prevent* OR manag* ) W/4 training ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( one-to-one W/1 nurs* ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( patient* W/1 ( isolation OR segregation ) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( physical* W/1 ( immobili* OR control ) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( lock OR locked OR locking ) W/1 ( door* OR ward* OR room* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( forced W/1 ( medic* OR sedat* OR drug* OR treatment* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( involuntary W/1 ( medic* OR sedat* OR drug* OR treatment* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( prn OR "pro re nata") W/1 medicat* ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( rapid* AND tranq* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( safety W/1 ( huddle* OR plan* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( ( weight* OR comfort ) W/1 blanket* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( ( comfort OR safe OR sensory ) W/2 room* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( restric* W/2 ( practice* OR intervention* OR liberty ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( isolation OR "calm down" OR "soft word*" OR "talk down" OR de-escalat* OR deescalat* OR seclusion OR seclude* OR restrain* ) ) ) AND ( ( TITLE-ABS ( ( youth OR young OR juvenile ) W/1 offend* ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( "juvenile justice" OR incarcerat* OR detention OR custody OR prison* OR jail* OR inmate* OR detain* OR "juvenile delinquen*" ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( secure W/2 ( home* OR accommodation OR unit* OR centre* OR center* OR service* OR facilit* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( ( foster OR residential ) W/2 ( care OR home* ) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( children* W/1 home* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( ( foster OR "looked after" ) W/2 child*) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( "Foster Care" OR "assisted living" OR orphanage* OR "Residential Care" OR "social worker*" OR "social work" OR "social care" OR orphan* ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( pupil* OR school* OR child* OR education ) W/2 referral ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( education* W/1 ( service* OR facilit* OR institution* ) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( kindergarten* OR nursery OR pre-school* OR classroom* OR school* ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( asylum OR refugee* OR migrant* OR immigrant* OR immigration ) W/4 ( service* OR center* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR unit* ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( ( health OR medic* OR psychiatr* OR mental ) W/1 ( service* OR center* OR center* OR department* OR facilit* OR unit* OR Ward*) ) ) ) OR ( TITLE-ABS ( ( child* OR young OR pediatric OR paediatric OR Adolescent* ) W/2 services ) ) )) AND NOT ((seat or seats or seatbelt* or "road safety" or "passenger safety") or (((Road or Traffic) W/1 (injur* or trauma or accident*))) or (((car or vehicle) W/1 (restraint* or safety or crash*)))) AND ( EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"IMMU" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"BIOC" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"AGRI" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"ENGI" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"VETE" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"MATE" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"PHYS" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"CHEM" ) OR EXCLUDE ( SUBJAREA,"CENG" ) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2019) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2018) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2017) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2016) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2015) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2014) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2013) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2012) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2011) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2010) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2009) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2008) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2007) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2006) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2005) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2004) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2003) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2002) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2001) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,2000) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1999) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1998) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1997) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1996) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1995) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1994) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1993) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1992) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1991) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1990) OR LIMIT-TO ( PUBYEAR,1989) )  3292 hits 2. Search strategies per grey literature source database: *Note, the number of records listed for the website searches include duplicates found during the update search Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality https://www.ahrq.gov/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: Used Advanced search field ‘Results with a least one of the words’. Searched for string: restraint coercive coercion restrict de-escalate de-escalation restrictive restraints restrained coerced restricted. In TI only. 21 records Agenda, the alliance for women & girls at risk https://weareagenda.org/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications 28/01/20: Browsed all research articles. Also Searched for term ‘Restraint’ 17 records Article 39 – Fighting for children's rights in institutional settings https://article39.org.uk 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications 28/01/20: Browed all publications in publications library 20 records Barnardos https://www.barnardos.org.uk/ 31/07/19: No search function. All sections browsed 28/01/20: Browsed all reports in publications https://www.barnardos.org.uk/get-involved/campaign-with-us/publications 26 records The British Association of Social Workers (BASW) https://www.basw.co.uk/ 31/07/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour (in resources section) 28/01/20: Searched as a string in Resources section: restraint coerce de-escalate de-escalation restrained seclusion restrictive coercion coercive. Refined to Specialism Children and Families 85 records British Institute of Learning Disabilities (BILD) www.bild.org.uk/ 06/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: In webpage search box searched as one string: restraint restraints restrain restrict coercive coerce coercion de-escalate de-escalation restrictive 96 records British Society of Criminology (BSC) https://www.britsoccrim.org/ 01/08/19: No search function. Browsed publications, and conference sections 28/01/20: Browsed publications, and conference sections 1 record The Challenging Behaviour Foundation https://www.challengingbehaviour.org.uk/ 06/08/19: No search functionally. Browsed website 28/01/20: Searched ‘restraint’ and ‘child’ in webpage search box 33 records The Children's Society https://www.childrenssociety.org.uk/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: Navigated website from What we do > Publications library then searched above terms 5 records Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) https://www.crisisprevention.com/ 06/08/19: No search functionally. Browsed website 28/01/20: Browsed Resources > Topic = restraint reduction 20 records Foundation for Professionals in Services to Adolescents https://www.foundationpsa.org.uk/ 31/07/19: No search function. Browsed Resources, Reports and News sections 28/01/20: Browsed Resources, Reports and News sections 2 records Google 08/08/19 Records found: 1825 records We searched Google's advanced search interface for the terms restraint, seclusion or coercion, in the title only, limited to a country domain and PDF filetype. For example: allintitle: restraint site:.no filetype:pdf allintitle: seclusion site:.no filetype:pdf allintitle: coercion site:.no filetype:pdf Note, in this example the site:.no refers to the country domain .no for Norway. We repeated this search for the first 25 countries in the Legatum Prosperity Index (ranked for Health) https://www.prosperity.com/rankings Norway, Netherlands, USA, New Zealand, Ireland, Slovenia, Finland, Iceland, Malta, Switzerland, Luxembourg, France, Denmark, Australia, Singapore, Sweden, Germany, Hong Kong, UK, Austria, Japan, Canada, Belgium, Portugal, Spain Records found: 1825 records 29/01/20 Records found: 124 records We repeated the 2019 searches but limited to content added to Google in last 12 months. We used the advanced search interface query boxes as stated below. Any of the words: restraint seclusion coercion Last update: upto a year ago Site or domain:.no [each search had a different country domain] Terms appearing: allintitle File type:pdf HM Inspector of Constabulary and HM Inspector of Fire & Rescue Services https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmicfrs/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 29/01/20: Entered into webpage search box: (restraint restraints restrictive coercive coerce coercion de-escalate de-escalation) AND (child adolescent juvenille youth). Then limited to 2020 or dates since July 2019 using date filters. 38 records HM Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprisons 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 29/01/20: Used search string: Search string: restraint restraints coercion coerce coercive de-escalation de-escalate behaviour restrictive. Then limited to 2020 or dates since July 2019 using date filters. 16 records HM Inspectorate of Probation https://www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk/hmiprobation/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 29/01/20: Used search string: Search string: restraint restraints coercion coerce coercive de-escalation de-escalate behaviour restrictive. . Then limited to 2020 or dates since July 2019 using date filters. 31 records The Howard League for Penal Reform https://howardleague.org/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications and research 28/01/20: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications and research 33 records INQUEST https://www.inquest.org.uk/ 01/08/19: No search function. Browsed research and policy section 28/01/20: Browsed research and policy section 4 records MENCAP https://www.mencap.org.uk/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: Used search string restraint restrict coerce coercive coercion de-escalate de-escalation behaviour 123 records National Children’s Bureau https://www.ncb.org.uk/ 31/07/19: No search function. All sections browsed 28/01/20: All sections browsed 0 records National Police Library http://library.college.police.uk/HeritageScripts/Hapi.dll/search1 30/07/19: Separate searches for: restrain* or restrain* or coercive or coercion or coerced or seclude or seclusion or seclusive or de-escalat* = 413 records 28/01/20: Searched in ‘All Fields’ for (restrict* OR restrain* OR coercive OR coercion OR coerced OR seclude OR seclusion OR seclusive OR de-escalat* OR immobili*) AND (child* OR teen* OR adolescen* OR youth* OR young* OR infant* OR juvenil*) 128 records National Youth Work https://nya.org.uk/ 31/07/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 17 records NSPCC www.nspcc.org.uk/ ‎ 31/07/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour and all sections browsed 28/01/20: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, and all sections browsed 3 records Prisons and Probation Ombudsman https://www.ppo.gov.uk/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: As above but combined with child youth young 18 records Prison Reform Trust www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications 28/01/20: Browsed 2019-2020 publications 8 records ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I (Proquest) 1743 to 24-01-2020 Same search strategy as Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA)‎ (ProQuest) 2473 records Restraint reduction network www.restraintreductionnetwork.org 06/08/19: No search functionally. Browsed website 29/01/20: https://restraintreductionnetwork.org/toolsandresources/ Tools and Resources screened 42 records Safe Crisis Management https://www.safecrisismanagement.org/ 06/08/19: No search functionally. Browsed website 28/01/20: Browsed website 0 records Secure Children’s Homes / Secure accommodation network www.securechildrenshomes.org.uk/ www.securechildrenshomes.org.uk/secure-accommodation-network/ 31/07/19: No search function. All sections browsed 28/01/20: All sections browsed 0 records Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) https://www.scie.org.uk/ 30/07/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation (auto truncates) 28/01/20: Browsed SCIE Resources and services within the SCIE websites 18 records Social Care Online (SCIE) 1980 – 28-01-2020 Search date: 28-01-2020 Used Advanced search interface (1) - SubjectTerms:'"children"' including narrower terms - OR SubjectTerms:'"young people"' including narrower terms - OR AllFields:'child*' - OR AllFields:'teen*' - OR AllFields:'pediatric' - OR AllFields:'paediatric' - OR AllFields:'adolescent' - OR AllFields:'juvenile' - OR AllFields:'youth' - OR AllFieldsExact:'young person' - OR AllFieldsExact:'young people' ] [ 64 352] (2) - SubjectTerms:'"restraint"' including this term only - OR SubjectTerms:'"physical restraint"' including this term only - OR SubjectTerms:'"compulsory treatment"' including this term only - OR AllFields:'restrain' - OR AllFields:'"restraint"' - OR AllFieldsExact:'restrictive' *this reduced count significantly a got rid of a lot of unrelated papers - OR AllFields:'coercive' - OR AllFields:'coercion' - OR AllFields:'coerced' - OR AllFields:'seclude' - OR AllFields:'seclusive' - OR AllFields:'seclusion' - OR AllFields:'de-escalate' - OR AllFields:'de-escalation' - OR AllFields:'isolation booth' - OR AllFields:'clinical holding' - OR AllFields:'physical holding' - OR AllFields:'immobilisation' - OR AllFields:'immobilization' [ 1842] Child (1) AND Restraint (2) search combined = 270 records Twitter searches 08/08/19: #restraintReduction #training #restraint #training #seclusion 5 records 28/01/20: #restraintReduction #training #restraint #training #seclusion 11 records YoungMinds https://youngminds.org.uk/ 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour. Browsed publications 28/01/20: Used search string: restraint restrict restraints restrictive coercive coerce coercion de-escalate de-escalation 58 records Youth Justice Board https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/youth-justice-board-for-england-and-wales 01/08/19: Separate searches for: restraint, restrict, coercive, coerce, coercion, de-escalate, de-escalation, behaviour 28/01/20: Browsed policies, research and guidance sections 31 records 36