1. ABOUT THE DATASET -------------------- Title: Creator: Eric Laurentius Peterson Organisation: Visiting Research Fellow (BioClimatic Design and Environmental Engineering, School of Biology, University of Leeds Publication Year: 2026 Description: Data and outputs of reanalyses of NOAA Global Summary of the Day (GSOD) weather observations from 1975–2024 to assess where passive cooling remains adequate and where increasing heat and humidity indicate a growing need for active cooling. Daily meteorological observations were processed to calculate shaded wet bulb globe temperature (WBGTs), annual threshold exceedance days, psychrometric variables, and indicators relevant to heat stress and building cooling demand. The repository includes station-level summaries of WBGT threshold exceedances, trend analyses using Mann-Kendall and Sen-slope methods, linear regression statistics, projections to 2050, and supporting graphics and tabulations. These materials document observed and emerging changes in heat exposure and provide a transparent basis for evaluating cooling adaptation, public health risk, building resilience, and future electricity demand in a warming climate. 2. TERMS OF USE --------------- Copyright 2026 Eric Laurentius Peterson. This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.] 3. PROJECT AND FUNDING INFORMATION ---------------------------------- Title: Where passive cooling has been sufficient – and until when? Funding organisation: self-funded 4. CONTENTS ----------- File listing RESULTSout_1987-2020 Global analysis (1987-2020) summary output shared at https://doi.org/10.5518/967 input/RESULTSout_1987-2020.csv RESULTSrates_1987-2020 Global analysis (1987-2020) rates shared at https://doi.org/10.5518/967 input/RESULTSrates_1987-2020.csv RESULTSstats_1987-2020 Global analysis (1987-2020) statistics shared at https://doi.org/10.5518/967 input/RESULTSstats_1987-2020.csv geography Geography and climate of the global set of GSOD stations (n = 16,582) input/geography.csv isd-history Catalogue of NOAA/NCEI Integrated Surface Data stations input/isd-history_August2025_force25.csv isd-selection Subset selection of ISD analysed input/isd-selection_OctNov2025.csv placenames ASHRAE Handbook 2021 stations placenames input/placenames.txt stations ASHRAE Handbook 2021 stations numeric data input/stations.txt WB_(latest).m Master sources code (MATLAB M-file) input/WB_5Nov2025.m WBloop_(latest).m Leading function (MATLAB M-file) input/WBloop_5Nov2025.m psych.m function [wbC H20]= psych(dbC, dpC, stPa) MATLAB M-file input/psych.m H2O_psych.m function H2O = H2O_psych(dbC, dpC, stPa) MATLAB M-file input/H2O_psych.m ktaub.m Mann-Kendall Tau (aka Tau-b) with Sen's Method (enhanced) by Burkey, Jeff. May 2006 input/ktaub.m WBGT_Fs_try.m function[vreport, Flags, ppf] = WBGT_Fs_try(WMO,WBANo,forcast) MATLAB M-file input/WBGT_Fs_try.m rates_2020_2024.m MATLAB M-file compares the latest (1975-2024) RESULTS with global analysis (1987-2020) input/rates_2020_2024_23Dec2025.m add_risk_g (green) Stations that are trending to Green circa 2050 add_risk_g.csv add_risk_y (amber) Stations that are trending to Amber circa 2050 add_risk_y.csv add_risk_r (red) Stations that are trending to Red circa 2050 add_risk_r.csv map_Globe_2020v2024 Global analysis emphasizing reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig1_Globe_2020_2024.png map_USA_2020v2024 USA - WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig2_USA_2020_2024.png map_SAmerica_2020v2024 S America - WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig3_SAmerica_2020_2024.png map_Med_2020v2024 Mediterranean WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber maps/Fig4_Med_2020_2024.png map_SAfrica_2020v2024 S Africa - WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig5_SAfrica_2020_2024.png map_MidE_2020v2024 Middle East WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig6_MidE_2020_2024.png map_EAsia_2020v2024 East Asia WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig7_EAsia_2020_2024.png map_ANZ_2020v2024 Australia - WBGTs annual warnings 1975-2024 reanalysis of previously green-amber places maps/Fig8_ANZ_2020_2024.png RESULTSout summary output (1975-2024) output/RESULTSout_(1975-2024).csv RESULTSrates statistics (1975-2024) output/RESULTSrates_(1975-2024).csv RESULTSstats rates (1975-2024) output/RESULTSstats_(1975-2024).csv RESULTSmore more output (1975-2024) output/RESULTSmore_(1975-2024).csv TRENDS_Wflags White flag trends (1975-2024) output/RESULTSflagW_(1975-2024).csv TRENDS_Gflags Green flag trends (1975-2024) output/RESULTSflagG_(1975-2024).csv TRENDS_Yflags Yellow flag trends (1975-2024) output/RESULTSflagY_(1975-2024).csv TRENDS_Rflags Red flag trends (1975-2024) output/RESULTSflagR_(1975-2024).csv TRENDS_Bflags Black flag trends (1975-2024) output/RESULTSflagB_(1975-2024).csv Station_summary(1975-2024) Comprehensive table including trend statistics and projections to 2050 Station_summary(1975-2024).csv Appendix_Table_A Results with station graphic hyperlinks into graphic folder Appendix_Table_A.xlsx El Golea, AG 605900-99999 graphics/605900-99999_fig4.png Durres, AL 136110-99999 graphics/136110-99999_fig4.png Catamarca, AR 872220-99999 graphics/872220-99999_fig4.png Chamical Aero, AR 873200-99999 graphics/873200-99999_fig4.png Villa Maria del Rio, AR 872440-99999 graphics/872440-99999_fig4.png Rockhampton, AS 943740-99999 graphics/943740-99999_fig4.png Tennant Creek Airport, AS 942380-99999 graphics/942380-99999_fig4.png Lockhart River Airport, AS 941860-99999 graphics/941860-99999_fig4.png Emerald Airport, AS 943630-99999 graphics/943630-99999_fig4.png Dum In Mirrie, AS 941160-99999 graphics/941160-99999_fig4.png Thargomindah Post Office, AS 944920-99999 graphics/944920-99999_fig4.png Liuting / Qingdao Intl, CH 548570-99999 graphics/548570-99999_fig4.png Shijiazhuang, CH 536980-99999 graphics/536980-99999_fig4.png Mengjin, CH 570710-99999 graphics/570710-99999_fig4.png El Carano, CO 801440-99999 graphics/801440-99999_fig4.png Jaime Gonzalez, CU 782440-99999 graphics/782440-99999_fig4.png Larnaka Intl, CY 176090-99999 graphics/176090-99999_fig4.png Asyut Intl, EG 623930-99999 graphics/623930-99999_fig4.png Hurghada Intl, EG 624630-99999 graphics/624630-99999_fig4.png El Arish Intl, EG 623370-99999 graphics/623370-99999_fig4.png Yap International Airport, FM 914130-40308 graphics/914130-40308_fig4.png Serrai, GR 166060-99999 graphics/166060-99999_fig4.png Zakinthos, GR 167190-99999 graphics/167190-99999_fig4.png Retalhuleu, GT 786390-99999 graphics/786390-99999_fig4.png Palagruza, HR 144430-99999 graphics/144430-99999_fig4.png Soekarno Hatta Intl, ID 967490-99999 graphics/967490-99999_fig4.png Amahai, ID 977220-99999 graphics/977220-99999_fig4.png Sarakhs, IR 407809-99999 graphics/407809-99999_fig4.png Lecce, IT 163320-99999 graphics/163320-99999_fig4.png Otranto, IT 163340-99999 graphics/163340-99999_fig4.png Termoli, IT 162320-99999 graphics/162320-99999_fig4.png Cape Frasca, IT 165390-99999 graphics/165390-99999_fig4.png San Pedro, IV 655940-99999 graphics/655940-99999_fig4.png Naha, JA 479360-99999 graphics/479360-99999_fig4.png Oita, JA 478150-99999 graphics/478150-99999_fig4.png Fukuoka, JA 478070-99999 graphics/478070-99999_fig4.png Takamatsu, JA 478910-99999 graphics/478910-99999_fig4.png Osaka, JA 477720-99999 graphics/477720-99999_fig4.png Nagoya, JA 476360-99999 graphics/476360-99999_fig4.png Gifu, JA 476340-99999 graphics/476340-99999_fig4.png Matsue, JA 477410-99999 graphics/477410-99999_fig4.png Tottori, JA 477460-99999 graphics/477460-99999_fig4.png Tokyo, JA 476620-99999 graphics/476620-99999_fig4.png Maebashi, JA 476240-99999 graphics/476240-99999_fig4.png Maizuru, JA 477500-99999 graphics/477500-99999_fig4.png Kofu, JA 476380-99999 graphics/476380-99999_fig4.png Wakayama, JA 477770-99999 graphics/477770-99999_fig4.png Utsunomiya, JA 476150-99999 graphics/476150-99999_fig4.png Kyoto, JA 477590-99999 graphics/477590-99999_fig4.png Toyama, JA 476070-99999 graphics/476070-99999_fig4.png Tokyo Heliport, JA 476870-99999 graphics/476870-99999_fig4.png Chichibu, JA 476410-99999 graphics/476410-99999_fig4.png Fukui, JA 476160-99999 graphics/476160-99999_fig4.png Yokkaichi, JA 476840-99999 graphics/476840-99999_fig4.png Shizuoka, JA 476560-99999 graphics/476560-99999_fig4.png Mishima, JA 476570-99999 graphics/476570-99999_fig4.png Hamamatsu, JA 476540-99999 graphics/476540-99999_fig4.png Ueno, JA 476490-99999 graphics/476490-99999_fig4.png Hikone, JA 477610-99999 graphics/477610-99999_fig4.png Fushiki, JA 476060-99999 graphics/476060-99999_fig4.png Hitoyoshi, JA 478240-99999 graphics/478240-99999_fig4.png Yonago, JA 477440-99999 graphics/477440-99999_fig4.png Hagi, JA 477540-99999 graphics/477540-99999_fig4.png Nara, JA 477800-99999 graphics/477800-99999_fig4.png Yonaguni, JA 479110-99999 graphics/479110-99999_fig4.png Miyakonojo, JA 478290-99999 graphics/478290-99999_fig4.png Uwajima, JA 478920-99999 graphics/478920-99999_fig4.png Iizuka, JA 478090-99999 graphics/478090-99999_fig4.png Sumoto, JA 477760-99999 graphics/477760-99999_fig4.png Himeji, JA 477690-99999 graphics/477690-99999_fig4.png Sakai, JA 477420-99999 graphics/477420-99999_fig4.png Makurazaki, JA 478310-99999 graphics/478310-99999_fig4.png Fukuyama, JA 477670-99999 graphics/477670-99999_fig4.png Nobeoka, JA 478220-99999 graphics/478220-99999_fig4.png Kansai Intl, JA 477740-99999 graphics/477740-99999_fig4.png Tsuyama, JA 477560-99999 graphics/477560-99999_fig4.png Atsugi US Naval Air Station, JA 476790-43319 graphics/476790-43319_fig4.png Tachikawa (JASDF), JA 476600-99999 graphics/476600-99999_fig4.png Gwangju, KS 471560-99999 graphics/471560-99999_fig4.png Wando, KS 471700-99999 graphics/471700-99999_fig4.png Houei-Sai, LA 489260-99999 graphics/489260-99999_fig4.png Tragen, LY 622250-99999 graphics/622250-99999_fig4.png Managua / Augusto Sandino, NU 787410-99999 graphics/787410-99999_fig4.png Chinandega, NU 787390-99999 graphics/787390-99999_fig4.png San Estanislao, PA 861920-99999 graphics/861920-99999_fig4.png Saltos del Guaira, PA 862100-99999 graphics/862100-99999_fig4.png Ruben Cantu, PM 787950-99999 graphics/787950-99999_fig4.png Howard, PM 788060-99999 graphics/788060-99999_fig4.png Richards Bay Airport, SF 684950-99999 graphics/684950-99999_fig4.png Seletar, SN 486990-99999 graphics/486990-99999_fig4.png Piarco, TD 789700-99999 graphics/789700-99999_fig4.png Pakchong Agromet, TH 484350-99999 graphics/484350-99999_fig4.png Sidi Bouzid, TS 607480-99999 graphics/607480-99999_fig4.png Nabeul, TS 607280-99999 graphics/607280-99999_fig4.png Enfidha, TS 607310-99999 graphics/607310-99999_fig4.png Silifke, TU 173300-99999 graphics/173300-99999_fig4.png Izmit, TU 170661-99999 graphics/170661-99999_fig4.png Hengchun, TW 467520-99999 graphics/467520-99999_fig4.png San Angelo Regional, US 722630-23034 graphics/722630-23034_fig4.png Will Rogers World Airport, US 723530-13967 graphics/723530-13967_fig4.png Cross City Airport, US 722120-12833 graphics/722120-12833_fig4.png Medicine Lodge, US 724520-03957 graphics/724520-03957_fig4.png Pensacola FL, US 722220-99999 graphics/722220-99999_fig4.png Baton Rouge Metro R, US 722320-12884 graphics/722320-12884_fig4.png Altus / Quartz Mountain, US 720354-63901 graphics/720354-63901_fig4.png Nellis AFB Airport, US 746140-23112 graphics/746140-23112_fig4.png St Lucie County Intl Arpt, US 722103-12895 graphics/722103-12895_fig4.png Krvl Muni/Luis Shrer Fd Ap, US 722537-12961 graphics/722537-12961_fig4.png Addison Airport, US 722598-03970 graphics/722598-03970_fig4.png Decatur Municipal Airport, US 720305-53964 graphics/720305-53964_fig4.png Bridgeport Municipal Arpt, US 720261-53976 graphics/720261-53976_fig4.png Millard Airport, US 720308-04992 graphics/720308-04992_fig4.png Le Mars Municipal Airport, US 725484-04942 graphics/725484-04942_fig4.png Cherokee County Airport, US 720298-53971 graphics/720298-53971_fig4.png Horseshoe Bay Resort, US 720639-00225 graphics/720639-00225_fig4.png Vero Beach Municipal, US 747930-12843 graphics/747930-12843_fig4.png Keystone Airpark, US 749048-00415 graphics/749048-00415_fig4.png Aiken Municipal Airport, US 720601-00193 graphics/720601-00193_fig4.png Roscoe Turner Airport, US 720924-00311 graphics/720924-00311_fig4.png Boomvang Spur Oil Plat, US 720745-00272 graphics/720745-00272_fig4.png Deland Municipal Airport, US 720904-00299 graphics/720904-00299_fig4.png Presidio Lely International, US 721048-00471 graphics/721048-00471_fig4.png Washington Regional, US 720169-00116 graphics/720169-00116_fig4.png Sherman-Denison, US 722673-99999 graphics/722673-99999_fig4.png Zephyrhills Municipal, US 721042-00486 graphics/721042-00486_fig4.png Sarasota Bradenton, US 722115-99999 graphics/722115-99999_fig4.png Newton City Co, US 724509-99999 graphics/724509-99999_fig4.png Marshall Co, US 720141-04868 graphics/720141-04868_fig4.png E T Joshua, VC 789510-99999 graphics/789510-99999_fig4.png Guasdualito, VE 804480-99999 graphics/804480-99999_fig4.png Maopoopo / Futuna Pt. Vele, WF 917540-99999 graphics/917540-99999_fig4.png Faleolo Intl, WS 917590-99999 graphics/917590-99999_fig4.png