1. ABOUT THE DATASET -------------------- Title: Dataset for: Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil Creator(s): Aakash Gupta [1], Fleur Loveridge [1], Bruna Ruiz Carvalho Tosin [2], Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha [2], Jose Antonio Schiavon [3] Organisation(s): 1. University of Leeds, UK. 2. University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil. 3. Aeronautics Institute of Technology, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil. Rights-holder(s): Aakash Gupta, Fleur Loveridge, Bruna Ruiz Carvalho Tosin, Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha, Jose Antonio Schiavon. Copyright 2025 University of Leeds Publication Year: 2026 Description: This data corresponds to the numerical and analytical models created for validation of the experimental setup build in the campus of University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The experimental setup, its data, along with the validation specifics of the data are all available in the the paper "Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil" Cite as: Aakash Gupta, Fleur Loveridge, Bruna Ruiz Carvalho Tosin, Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha, Jose Antonio Schiavon, (2026): Dataset for: Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil. University of Leeds. [Dataset] https://doi.org/10.5518/1797 Related publication: Bruna Ruiz Carvalho Tosin, Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha, Fleur Loveridge, Jose Antonio Schiavon, Aakash Gupta; Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil, Energy & Buildings, 2025 (Published) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116803 Contact: a.gupta5@leeds.ac.uk, F.A.Loveridge@leeds.ac.uk, chctsuha@sc.usp.br, schiavon@ita.br 2. TERMS OF USE --------------- Copyright 2026, University of Leeds, Aakash Gupta, Fleur Loveridge, Bruna Ruiz Carvalho Tosin, Cristina de Hollanda Cavalcanti Tsuha, Jose Antonio Schiavon Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 3. PROJECT AND FUNDING INFORMATION ---------------------------------- Title: EPSRC-FAPESP Efficient ground energy systems for deployment in diaphragm walls under challenging application scenarios Dates: 01 August 2023-31 January 2027 Funding organisation: EPSRC, FAPESP, CNPQ, CAPES Grant no.:ESPRC funding reference code: EP/X032639/1, Process FAPESP No 2022/11675-8, CNPQ - 310881/2018-8 4. CONTENTS ----------- File listing 01_Analytical Results.xlsx - This file contains all experimental results and analytical results from the paper "Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil". The results are presented in Figures 19 and 20. 02_Numerical Results.xlsx - This file contains all experimental results and numerical results from the paper "Thermal performance of energy retaining walls in hot-dominant climates: experimental evaluation in unsaturated Brazilian soil". The results are presented in Figures 19 and 20. 5. METHODS ---------- The experimental setup was designed to test how energy retaining walls—underground concrete structures that double as heat exchangers—perform in the warm, unsaturated soil of Brazil. The Experimental Setup of the Energy Walls is constructed in form of ten concrete wall panels that simulate the basement walls of a building. For this test, only wall panel 4 and 5 are activated. Each wall panel is 3.5 metres long, 0.45 metres thick, and 1.5 metres wide. The heat exchanger pipes are high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and they are buried in the walls arranged horizontally with a spacing of 300 mm. These pipes allow a fluid (water) to circulate and exchange heat with the surrounding environment. It simulates the heat generated by a building's cooling system. The setup is embedded with platinum temperature sensors (Pt-100) directly into the wall's steel reinforcement to track temperature changes at various depths. Additionally, boreholes are drilled in the ground 0.5 metres and 1.0 metre away from the walls, placing more sensors there to see how far the heat travelled into the soil. Two Different Modes of thermal loadings is applied: > Continuous Mode: The heater and pump ran non-stop for about 96 hours (4 days), providing uninterrupted heat injection into the ground. > Intermittent Mode: The system was turned on for 12 hours and then off for 12 hours over the course of 4 days. This simulates a typical office building where air conditioning is only used during the day, allowing the soil time to "recover" or cool down slightly during the night. The data from the experimental setup is extracted and presented in the related paper directly. This data set presents the numerical model and analytical model validation using the same data. The numerical model is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1. Whereas the analytical model used here is the FIS (Flux and IPS Splitting) method, which is based on the Infinite Plane Source (IPS). Results of these validations are also presented in the same paper.