1. ABOUT THE DATASET -------------------- Title: Enhanced cesium removal from clay minerals using surfactant-assisted capacitive deionization Creator(s): Jiaxin Hu1, Sebastian Gonzalez Ramirez1, Huagui Zhang2, Jae. W. Lee3, Timothy N. Hunter1 and David Harbottle1 Organisation(s): 1. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, UK 2. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China 3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea Rights-holder(s): Unless otherwise stated, Copyright 2026 University of Leeds Publication Year: 2026 Description: This dataset is part of the publication that describes the removal of Cs⁺ from clay minerals using a combined capacitive deionization (CDI) and cationic surfactant approach. It contains the raw data for the reported figures, including Cs⁺ removal efficiency from kaolinite and montmorillonite at different loadings under surfactant-only, CDI-only, and combined treatments, as well as supporting XRD, SEM–EDX, and sequential extraction data used to evaluate structural changes and Cs partitioning. Cite as: Hu, J., Ramirez, S., Zhang, H., Lee, J., Hunter, T., and Harbottle, D. (2026) Dataset for 'Enhanced cesium removal from clay minerals using surfactant-assisted capacitive deionization'. University of Leeds. Manuscript data for publication "Enhanced cesium removal from clay minerals using surfactant-assisted capacitive deionization" https://doi.org/10.5518/1832 Related publication: Hu, J., Ramirez, S., Zhang, H., Lee, J., Hunter, T., and Harbottle, D., 'Enhanced cesium removal from clay minerals using surfactant-assisted capacitive deionization', Chemical Engineering Journal, 2026. Accepted. Contact: D.Harbottle@leeds.ac.uk 2. TERMS OF USE --------------- Copyright 2026, University of Leeds. This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 3. PROJECT AND FUNDING INFORMATION ---------------------------------- Title: Electrokinetic Separation for Enhanced Decontamination of Soils and Groundwater Systems Dates: July 2019 – May 2023 Funding organisation: EPSRC Grant no.: EP/S032797/1 4. CONTENTS ----------- File listing Raw_data_for_DOI.xlsx The data for each figure is available as individual tabs within the spreadsheet Figure 2a - Distribution of the desorbed Cs ions from kaolinite and montmorillonite samples at different loading levels following 1 h of the combined process Figure 2b - Cs adsorption capacities of pristine montmorillonite under different concentrations of CsCl solution Figure 5a - XRD of pristine and Cs-adsorbed kaolinite samples Figure 5b - XRD of pristine and Cs-adsorbed montmorillonite samples Figure 6a - Distribution of Cs among weakly exchangeable (F0), strongly exchangeable (F1), and fixed (F2) fractions for Cs-loaded kaolinite at different saturation levels Figure 6b - Distribution of Cs among weakly exchangeable (F0), strongly exchangeable (F1), and fixed (F2) fractions for Cs-loaded montmorillonite at different saturation levels Figure 7a - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-Kao as a function of surfactant dosage Figure 7b - Cs removal efficiencies from 100%Cs-Kao as a function of surfactant dosage Figure 7c - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-MMT as a function of surfactant dosage Figure 7d - Cs removal efficiencies from 100%Cs-MMT as a function of surfactant dosage Figure 8a - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-Kao as a function of treatment time in the surfactant-only desorption process Figure 8b - Cs removal efficiencies from 100%Cs-Kao as a function of treatment time in the surfactant-only desorption process Figure 8c - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-MMT as a function of treatment time in the surfactant-only desorption process Figure 8d - Cs removal efficiencies from 100%Cs-MMT as a function of treatment time in the surfactant-only desorption process Figure 9a - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-Kao and 100%Cs-Kao following different treatment with CTAB at 1.0 times the CEC of kaolinite Figure 9b - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-Kao and 100%Cs-Kao following different treatment with DTAB at 1.5 times the CEC of kaolinite Figure 9c - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-MMT and 100%Cs-MMT following different treatment with CTAB at 2.0 times the CEC of montmorillonite Figure 9d - Cs removal efficiencies from 5%Cs-MMT and 100%Cs-MMT following different treatment with DTAB at 2.0 times the CEC of montmorillonite Figure 10a - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+CTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 5%Cs-Kao. Figure 10b - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+DTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 5%Cs-Kao. Figure 10c - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+CTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 100%Cs-Kao. Figure 10d - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+DTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 100%Cs-Kao. Figure 10e - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+CTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 5%Cs-MMT. Figure 10f - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+DTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 5%Cs-MMT. Figure 10g - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+CTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 100%Cs-MMT. Figure 10h - Cs removal efficiencies achieved after 1 h of combined CDI+CTAB process and the corresponding absolute increase in removal efficiency relative to the 24 h surfactant-only process for 100%Cs-MMT. Figure S1a - Particle size distribution of pristine kaolinite and montmorillonite Figure S1b - Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms of pristine kaolinite and montmorillonite Figure S1c - Pore size distribution of pristine kaolinite and montmorillonite Figure S2a - XRD of Cs-loaded kaolinite samples before and after treatment with surfactants Figure S2b - XRD of Cs-loaded montmorillonite samples before and after treatment with surfactants Figure S3a - Cyclic voltammetry curves of the AC electrode at different scan rates Figure S3b - Specific capacitance of the AC electrode at different scan rates Figure S3c - Adsorption results for Cs ions on the AC electrode at an applied voltage of 1.6V Figure S3d - Electrosorption capacity and charge efficiency of the AC electrode at different applied voltages and 0.75 mM of Cs concentration Figure S4 - Distribution of the desorbed Cs ions from kaolinite and montmorillonite samples at different loading levels following 1 h of the combined process 5. METHODS ---------- Detailed materials and methods are available in the associated article.