Glass nanopore
Report date Jun 4, 2024, 1:44:11 PM
Contents
1. Global Definitions
1.1. Parameters
1.2. Shared Properties
2. Model 1
2.1. Definitions
2.2. Nanopipette
2.3. Transport of Diluted Species
2.4. Electrostatics
2.5. Laminar Flow
2.6. Meshes
3. Steady State
3.1. Vapp PS
3.2. Stationary
3.3. Solver Configurations
4. Results
4.1. Data Sets
4.2. Derived Values
4.3. Tables
4.4. Plot Groups

1. Global Definitions

Date May 12, 2024, 3:16:49 PM
Global settings
Name BndMovedInPEG,KCl.mph
Path /scrfs/storage/egyasiag/home/BndMovedInPEG,KCl.mph
Version COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0 (Build: 354)
Unit system SI
Used products
COMSOL Multiphysics
Chemical Reaction Engineering Module
Computer information
CPU Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6130 CPU @ 2.10GHz, 2 sockets
Operating system Linux

1.1. Parameters

Parameters
Name Expression Value Description
BathConductivity 3.86[mS/cm] 0.386 S/m Experimental conductivity of the bath medium
BeyondPoreRadius PoreRadius*200*SizeFactor 1.42E−4 m Mathematical factor for selected boundaries length
BulkConductivity 1.19[mS/cm] 0.119 S/m Experimental conductivity of the bulk medium
cb 20[mM] 20 mol/m³ Experimental bulk concentration
cbath cb 20 mol/m³ Estimated outer bath concentration
ConeApex -PoreHeight*PoreRadius/(PoreTopRadius - PoreRadius) −8.3062E−7 m z value where the apex of the inner cone (if continued) would lie
DCl 0.55*BulkConductivity*(R_const*T)/(F_const^2*cbath) 8.568E−10 m²/s Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry (Girault, 2004)
DClBath 0.51*BathConductivity*(R_const*T)/(F_const^2*cb) 2.5771E−9 m²/s Estimated diffusion coefficient of anions in bath (50% PEG)
DebyeLength sqrt((EpsilonR*epsilon0_const*R_const*T)/(2*cb*F_const^2)) 1.736E−9 m Debye Length (pore)
DebyeLengthBath sqrt((EpsilonRBath*epsilon0_const*R_const*T)/(2*cbath*F_const^2)) 2.1532E−9 m Debye Length (bath)
Delta PoreRadius/50 1.42E−9 m Used for selecting geometric boundaries
DK 0.45*BulkConductivity*(R_const*T)/(F_const^2*cbath) 7.0102E−10 m²/s Analytical and Physical Electrochemistry (Girault, 2004)
DKBath 0.49*BathConductivity*(R_const*T)/(F_const^2*cb) 2.476E−9 m²/s Estimated diffusion coefficient of cations in bath (50% PEG)
EpsilonR 52 52 Electric relative permittivity of bulk
EpsilonRBath 80 80 Electric relative permittivity of bath [Arnold, 1985]
FluidDensity 1085[kg/m^3] 1085 kg/m³ [Ref. Hai-Lang & Shi-Jun, 1996 for 0.059 (mol/kg)]
FluidDensityBath 999.9[kg/m^3] 999.9 kg/m³ [Ref. Gonzalez-Tello et al., 1994 for 50% PEG 8000 in H2O (kg/m^3)]
FluidViscosity 8.73[Pa*s] 8.73 Pa·s [Ref. Hai-Lang & Shi-Jun, 1996 for 0.059 (mol/kg)]
FluidViscosityBath 8.9E-4[Pa*s] 8.9E−4 Pa·s Experimental viscosity of the bath medium
gamma (exp(1*e_const*GCSurfacePotential/(2*k_B_const*T)) - 1)/(exp(1*e_const*GCSurfacePotential/(2*k_B_const*T)) + 1) −0.037262 Helper for Gouy-Chapman (pore)
gammaBath (exp(1*e_const*GCSurfacePotentialBath/(2*k_B_const*T)) - 1)/(exp(1*e_const*GCSurfacePotentialBath/(2*k_B_const*T)) + 1) −0.030056 Helper for Gouy-Chapman (bath)
GCSurfacePotential asinh(PoreSurfaceCharge/sqrt(8*cb*N_A_const*EpsilonR*epsilon0_const*k_B_const*T))*(2*k_B_const*T)/(1*e_const) −0.003767 V Surface potential difference from Gouy-Chapman (pore)
GCSurfacePotentialBath asinh(PoreSurfaceCharge/sqrt(8*cbath*N_A_const*EpsilonRBath*epsilon0_const*k_B_const*T))*(2*k_B_const*T)/(1*e_const) −0.003038 V Surface potential difference from Gouy-Chapman (bath)
HydrostaticPressure FluidDensity*9.81[m/s^2]*PoreHeight 5.3219 Pa Hydrostatic pressure at the cone aperture
PApp 0[Pa] 0 Pa Applied pressure differential (bottom-top)
ParticleRadius 25[nm] 2.5E−8 m Au nanoparticle diameter [Experimental DLS]
ParticleSurfaceCharge -5.89 [mC/m^2] −0.00589 C/m² Au nanoparticle surface charge [Experiments + Ref. Ge and Wang 2016 Equation 3]
PoreAngle 4.885666895[deg] 0.085271 rad Inner truncated hollow cone angle; estimated from SEM imaging
PoreHeight 50[um]*SizeFactor 5E−4 m Truncated hollow cone's height in model; measured along the axis taking the aperture as flat
PoreRadius 71[nm] 7.1E−8 m Inner cone aperture radius; measured from SEM imaging
PoreSurfaceCharge -1[mC/m^2] −0.001 C/m² Surface charge of quartz glass wall [Ref. ]
PoreTopRadius PoreRadius + tan(PoreAngle)*PoreHeight 4.281E−5 m Estimated radius of the inner cone at z = PoreHeight
RAccessBottom 1/(4*BulkConductivity*PoreRadius) 2.9589E7 Ω Analytical Access Resistance
RadiusRatio PoreRadius/PoreTopRadius 0.0016585 Ratio between the inner cone radii at the nanopipette opening and at z = PoreHeight
RPore 1/(BulkConductivity*pi*PoreRadius*tan(PoreAngle)) 4.4075E8 Ω Analytical Resistance inside the pore
RTot RAccessBottom + RPore 4.7034E8 Ω Total Resistance
SizeFactor 10 10 Scaling factor for selected boundaries dimensions
T 20[degC] 293.15 K Temperature
VApp 0.5 [V] 0.5 V Applied voltage
VBottom VApp*RAccessBottom/RTot 0.031455 V Potential drop outside the pore
WallAngle atan((WallTopRadius - WallRadius)/PoreHeight) 0.11507 rad Estimated inner cone angle of the outer cone (glass wall)
WallRadius PoreRadius + WallThickness 9.6E−8 m Outer cone (glass wall) radius at z = 0
WallThickness 25[nm] 2.5E−8 m Glass thickness at the nanopipette opening; measured from SEM imaging
WallTopRadius WallRadius/RadiusRatio 5.7884E−5 m Outer cone (glass wall) radius at z = PoreHeight
zOffset 0 [nm] 0 m

1.2. Shared Properties

1.2.1. Default Model Inputs

Tag cminpt

2. Model 1

Date Jul 15, 2014, 1:15:30 PM
Settings
Description Value
Unit system Same as global system (SI)
Geometry shape function Automatic
Avoid inverted elements by curving interior domain elements Off
Spatial frame coordinates
First Second Third
r phi z
Material frame coordinates
First Second Third
R PHI Z
Geometry frame coordinates
First Second Third
Rg PHIg Zg
Mesh frame coordinates
First Second Third
Rm PHIm Zm

2.1. Definitions

2.1.1. Variables

2.1.1.1. Excess Charge
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–4
Name Expression Unit Description
ExcessCharge F_const*(cK - cCl) C/m³
2.1.1.2. Distance from glass (internal electrode)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Internal Electrode
Selection Named sel3: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6
Name Expression Unit Description
dGlass (PoreTopRadius - r)*sin(90[deg] - PoreAngle) m
2.1.1.3. Distance from glass (external electrode, upper part)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 13–14
Name Expression Unit Description
dGlass cos(WallAngle)*(r - WallRadius - z*tan(WallAngle)) m
2.1.1.4. Distance from glass (external electrode, bottom part)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 12
Name Expression Unit Description
dGlass (r< PoreRadius)*(sqrt((r - PoreRadius)^2 + z^2)) + (-z)*(r>=PoreRadius)*(r<WallRadius) + (r>=WallRadius)*(sqrt((r - WallRadius)^2 + z^2)) m
2.1.1.5. Analytical Potential, No Charge (Bath)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–4
Name Expression Unit Description
AnalyticalPotentialNoCharge DiskElec(r, -z, PoreRadius)*VBottom V
2.1.1.6. Analytical Potential, No Charge (Pore)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: No domains
Name Expression Unit Description
AnalyticalPotentialNoCharge VBottom + (VApp - VBottom)*1/(BulkConductivity*pi)*z/(PoreRadius*(PoreRadius + z/PoreHeight*(PoreTopRadius - PoreRadius)))/RPore V
2.1.1.7. Domain Expressions Gouy-Chapman
Selection
Geometric entity level Entire model
Name Expression Unit Description
cCl_GC c_GC(WallDistance, -1) mol/m³
cK_GC c_GC(WallDistance, 1) mol/m³
Potential_GC E_GC(WallDistance) V
cCl_GCBath c_GCBath(WallDistance, -1) mol/m³
cK_GCBath c_GCBath(WallDistance, 1) mol/m³
Potential_GCBath E_GCBath(WallDistance) V
2.1.1.8. Wall Distance (Pore)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 2–3
Name Expression Unit Description
lambda (r*PoreRadius - z*ConeApex + ConeApex^2)/(PoreRadius^2 + ConeApex^2) helper value for point of nearest wall
WallDistance (lambda>=1)*sqrt((r - lambda*PoreRadius)^2 + (z - (ConeApex - lambda*ConeApex))^2) + (lambda<1)*sqrt((r - PoreRadius)^2 + z^2) m
2.1.1.9. Wall Distance (Bath, bottom part)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domain 1
Name Expression Unit Description
WallDistance (r< PoreRadius)*(sqrt((r - PoreRadius)^2 + z^2)) + (-z)*(r>=PoreRadius)*(r<WallRadius) + (r>=WallRadius)*(sqrt((r - WallRadius)^2 + z^2)) m
2.1.1.10. Wall Distance (Bath, upper part)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domain 4
Name Expression Unit Description
WallDistance cos(WallAngle)*(r - WallRadius - z*tan(WallAngle)) m

2.1.2. Functions

2.1.2.1. Gouy-Chapman Potential (Pore)
Function name E_GC
Function type Analytic

func_an1.png

Gouy-Chapman Potential (Pore)

Definition
Description Value
Expression (2*k_B_const*T/e_const)*log( (1 + gamma*exp(-x/DebyeLength))/ (1 - gamma*exp(-x/DebyeLength)) )
Arguments x
Units
Description Value
Function V
Units
Argument Unit
x m
2.1.2.2. Gouy-Chapman Potential (Bath)
Function name E_GCBath
Function type Analytic

func_an4.png

Gouy-Chapman Potential (Bath)

Definition
Description Value
Expression ((2*k_B_const*T/e_const)*log( (1 + gammaBath*exp(-x/DebyeLengthBath))/ (1 - gammaBath*exp(-x/DebyeLengthBath)) ))
Arguments x
Units
Description Value
Function V
Units
Argument Unit
x m
2.1.2.3. Gouy-Chapman Concentration (Pore)
Function name c_GC
Function type Analytic

func_an2.png

Gouy-Chapman Concentration (Pore)

Definition
Description Value
Expression cb*exp(-z*e_const*E_GC(x)/(k_B_const*T))
Arguments {x, z}
Units
Description Value
Function mol/m^3
Units
Argument Unit
x m
z 1
2.1.2.4. Gouy-Chapman Concentration (Bath)
Function name c_GCBath
Function type Analytic

func_an5.png

Gouy-Chapman Concentration (Bath)

Definition
Description Value
Expression cbath*exp(-z*e_const*E_GCBath(x)/(k_B_const*T))
Arguments {x, z}
Units
Description Value
Function mol/m^3
Units
Argument Unit
x m
z 1
2.1.2.5. Disk Electrode (Normalized Distribution)
Function name DiskElec
Function type Analytic

func_an3.png

Disk Electrode (Normalized Distribution)

Definition
Description Value
Expression 2/pi*asin(2*a/(sqrt((z + eps)^2 + (a + eps + r)^2) + sqrt((z + eps)^2 + (a + eps - r)^2)))
Arguments {r, z, a}
Units
Description Value
Function 1
Units
Argument Unit
r m
z m
a m

2.1.3. Selections

2.1.3.1. Symmetry Axis
Selection type
Box
Selection
Boundaries 1–2, 4
Geometric entity level
Description Value
Level Boundary
Output entities
Description Value
Include entity if All vertices inside box

sel_box1_view14.png

Symmetry Axis

2.1.3.2. Glass Wall
Selection type
Explicit
Selection
Boundaries 7–9, 11

sel_sel1_view14.png

Glass Wall

2.1.3.3. Aperture point
Selection type
Explicit
Selection
Point 5

sel_sel2_view14.png

Aperture point

2.1.3.4. Internal Electrode
Selection type
Explicit
Selection
Boundary 6

sel_sel3_view14.png

Internal Electrode

2.1.3.5. External Electrode
Selection type
Explicit
Selection
Boundaries 12–14

sel_sel4_view14.png

External Electrode

2.1.4. Probes

2.1.4.1. Current (internal electrode)
Probe type Boundary probe
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6

prb_bnd1_view14.png

Selection

Probe type
Description Value
Type Integral
Expression
Description Value
Expression -F_const*(chds.bndFlux_cK - chds.bndFlux_cCl)*2*pi*r
Table and plot unit nA
Description Current (internal)
Table and window settings
Description Value
Output table Probe Table 1
Plot window Probe Plot 3

2.1.5. Coordinate Systems

2.1.5.1. Boundary System 1
Coordinate system type Boundary system
Tag sys1
Coordinate names
First Second Third
t1 to n

2.2. Nanopipette

Pore with glass of infinite width

geom_geom1_view14.png

Nanopipette

Units
Length unit m
Angular unit deg
Geometry statistics
Description Value
Space dimension 2
Number of domains 4
Number of boundaries 14
Number of vertices 11

2.2.1. Pore (b5)

Polygon segments
Description Value
Control points {{0, 0, PoreTopRadius, PoreRadius, 0}, {0, PoreHeight, PoreHeight, 0, 0}}
Degree {1, 1, 1, 1}
Weights {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
Type Solid

2.2.2. Wall (pol1)

Object type
Description Value
Type Open curve
Coordinates
Description Value
Data source Table
Coordinates
r (m) z (m)
PoreRadius 0
WallRadius 0
WallTopRadius PoreHeight

2.2.3. Bath (c1)

Selections of resulting entities
Description Value
Resulting objects selection On
Position
Description Value
Position {0, 0}
Rotation angle
Description Value
Rotation -90
Size and shape
Description Value
Radius BeyondPoreRadius
Sector angle 180

2.2.4. Difference Bath from Pipette & Wall (dif1)

Settings
Description Value
Keep objects to add On
Keep objects to subtract On

2.2.5. Rectangle for dGlass (r1)

Position
Description Value
Position {WallRadius, 0}
Rotation angle
Description Value
Rotation -WallAngle
Size
Description Value
Width BeyondPoreRadius
Height BeyondPoreRadius

2.2.6. Point 1 (pt1)

Point
Description Value
Point coordinate {0, 8.0E-6}

2.2.7. Point 2 (pt2)

Point
Description Value
Point coordinate {7.548259896776561E-7, 8.0E-6}

2.3. Transport of Diluted Species

Used products
COMSOL Multiphysics
Chemical Reaction Engineering Module

phys_chds_view14.png

Transport of Diluted Species

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_chds_1.png

equ_chds_2.png

2.3.1. Interface Settings

2.3.1.1. Discretization
Settings
Description Value
Concentration Quadratic
Settings
Description Value
Equation form Study controlled
2.3.1.2. Advanced Settings
Settings
Description Value
Convective term Conservative form
2.3.1.3. Transport Mechanisms
Settings
Description Value
Convection On
Migration in electric field On
Mass transfer in porous media Off

2.3.2. Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
chds.d 1 1 Out-of-plane geometry extension Global
chds.nr nr 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nphi 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nz nz 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nr dnr 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nphi 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nz dnz 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nrmesh nrmesh 1 Normal vector (mesh), r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nphimesh 0 1 Normal vector (mesh), phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nzmesh nzmesh 1 Normal vector (mesh), z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
chds.nrmesh dnrmesh 1 Normal vector (mesh), r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nphimesh 0 1 Normal vector (mesh), phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nzmesh dnzmesh 1 Normal vector (mesh), z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
chds.nrc root.nrc/chds.ncLen 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–14
chds.nphic 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–14
chds.nzc root.nzc/chds.ncLen 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–14
chds.ncLen sqrt(root.nrc^2+root.nzc^2+eps) 1 Help variable Boundaries 1–14
chds.cbf_cK 0 mol/(m²·s) Convective boundary flux Boundaries 1–14
chds.u 0 m/s Velocity field, r component Domains 1–4
chds.v 0 m/s Velocity field, phi component Domains 1–4
chds.w 0 m/s Velocity field, z component Domains 1–4
chds.cbf_cCl 0 mol/(m²·s) Convective boundary flux Boundaries 1–14
chds.R_cK 0 mol/(m³·s) Total rate expression Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.cP_cK 0 mol/kg Concentration species adsorbed to the solid Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.cP_cK 0 mol/kg Concentration species adsorbed to the solid Boundaries 1–14 + operation
chds.KP_cK 0 m³/kg Adsorption isotherm, first concentration derivative Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.KP_cK 0 m³/kg Adsorption isotherm, first concentration derivative Boundaries 1–14 + operation
chds.Rads_cK 0 mol/(m³·s) Total adsorption rate Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.DiT_cK 0 m²/s Turbulent diffusivity Domains 1–4
chds.cVar_cK cK mol/m³ Species Boundaries 1–14
chds.R_cCl 0 mol/(m³·s) Total rate expression Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.cP_cCl 0 mol/kg Concentration species adsorbed to the solid Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.cP_cCl 0 mol/kg Concentration species adsorbed to the solid Boundaries 1–14 + operation
chds.KP_cCl 0 m³/kg Adsorption isotherm, first concentration derivative Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.KP_cCl 0 m³/kg Adsorption isotherm, first concentration derivative Boundaries 1–14 + operation
chds.Rads_cCl 0 mol/(m³·s) Total adsorption rate Domains 1–4 + operation
chds.DiT_cCl 0 m²/s Turbulent diffusivity Domains 1–4
chds.cVar_cCl cCl mol/m³ Species Boundaries 1–14
chds.poro 1 1 Porosity Domains 1–4
chds.theta_g 0 1 Gas volume fraction Domains 1–4
chds.theta_l 1 1 Liquid volume fraction Domains 1–4
chds.theta chds.poro 1 Mobile fluid volume fraction Domains 1–4

2.3.3. Convection, Diffusion, and Migration (Pore)

phys_chds_cdm1_view14.png

Convection, Diffusion, and Migration (Pore)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_chds_cdm1_1.png

equ_chds_cdm1_2.png

2.3.3.1. Convection
Settings
Description Value
Velocity field Velocity field (spf)
2.3.3.2. Diffusion
Settings
Description Value
Source Material
Material None
Diffusion coefficient User defined
Diffusion coefficient {{DK, 0, 0}, {0, DK, 0}, {0, 0, DK}}
Diffusion coefficient User defined
Diffusion coefficient {{DCl, 0, 0}, {0, DCl, 0}, {0, 0, DCl}}
2.3.3.3. Migration in Electric Field
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential Electric potential (es)
Mobility Nernst - Einstein relation
Charge number {1, -1}
2.3.3.4. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.3.3.5. Model Input
Settings
Description Value
Temperature User defined
Temperature T
2.3.3.6. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
domflux.cKr 2*(chds.dflux_cKr+chds.cflux_cKr+chds.mflux_cKr)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, r component Domain 3
domflux.cKz 2*(chds.dflux_cKz+chds.cflux_cKz+chds.mflux_cKz)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, z component Domain 3
domflux.cClr 2*(chds.dflux_cClr+chds.cflux_cClr+chds.mflux_cClr)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, r component Domain 3
domflux.cClz 2*(chds.dflux_cClz+chds.cflux_cClz+chds.mflux_cClz)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, z component Domain 3
chds.ndflux_cK chds.dflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.dflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.dflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal diffusive flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.ncflux_cK chds.cflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.cflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.cflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal convective flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.nmflux_cK chds.mflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.mflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.mflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal electrophoretic flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.ntflux_cK chds.bndFlux_cK mol/(m²·s) Normal total flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.ndflux_cCl chds.dflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.dflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.dflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal diffusive flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.ncflux_cCl chds.cflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.cflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.cflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal convective flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.nmflux_cCl chds.mflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.mflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.mflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal electrophoretic flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.ntflux_cCl chds.bndFlux_cCl mol/(m²·s) Normal total flux Boundaries 5–6, 11
chds.u model.input.u1 m/s Velocity field, r component Domain 3 Meta
chds.v model.input.u2 m/s Velocity field, phi component Domain 3 Meta
chds.w model.input.u3 m/s Velocity field, z component Domain 3 Meta
chds.DF_cKrr DK m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rr component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKphir 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phir component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKzr 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zr component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKrphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKphiphi DK m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKzphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKrz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rz component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKphiz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domain 3
chds.DF_cKzz DK m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zz component Domain 3
chds.D_cKrr chds.DF_cKrr+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rr component Domain 3
chds.D_cKphir chds.DF_cKphir m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phir component Domain 3
chds.D_cKzr chds.DF_cKzr m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zr component Domain 3
chds.D_cKrphi chds.DF_cKrphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cKphiphi chds.DF_cKphiphi+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cKzphi chds.DF_cKzphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cKrz chds.DF_cKrz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rz component Domain 3
chds.D_cKphiz chds.DF_cKphiz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domain 3
chds.D_cKzz chds.DF_cKzz+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zz component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClrr DCl m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rr component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClphir 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phir component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClzr 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zr component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClrphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClphiphi DCl m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClzphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClrz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rz component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClphiz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domain 3
chds.DF_cClzz DCl m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zz component Domain 3
chds.D_cClrr chds.DF_cClrr+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rr component Domain 3
chds.D_cClphir chds.DF_cClphir m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phir component Domain 3
chds.D_cClzr chds.DF_cClzr m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zr component Domain 3
chds.D_cClrphi chds.DF_cClrphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cClphiphi chds.DF_cClphiphi+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cClzphi chds.DF_cClzphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domain 3
chds.D_cClrz chds.DF_cClrz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rz component Domain 3
chds.D_cClphiz chds.DF_cClphiz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domain 3
chds.D_cClzz chds.DF_cClzz+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zz component Domain 3
chds.Dav_cK 0.5*(chds.D_cKrr+chds.D_cKzz) m²/s Average diffusion coefficient Domain 3
chds.Dav_cCl 0.5*(chds.D_cClrr+chds.D_cClzz) m²/s Average diffusion coefficient Domain 3
chds.tflux_cKr chds.dflux_cKr+chds.mflux_cKr+chds.cflux_cKr mol/(m²·s) Total flux, r component Domain 3 + operation
chds.tflux_cKphi chds.dflux_cKphi+chds.mflux_cKphi+chds.cflux_cKphi mol/(m²·s) Total flux, phi component Domain 3 + operation
chds.tflux_cKz chds.dflux_cKz+chds.mflux_cKz+chds.cflux_cKz mol/(m²·s) Total flux, z component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.dflux_cKr^2+chds.dflux_cKphi^2+chds.dflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.tfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.tflux_cKr^2+chds.tflux_cKphi^2+chds.tflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Total flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cKr 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, r component Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cKphi 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cKz 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, z component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cKr chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKrz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, r component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cKphi chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKphir*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKphiz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cKz chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKzz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, z component Domain 3
chds.mfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.mflux_cKr^2+chds.mflux_cKphi^2+chds.mflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.tflux_cClr chds.dflux_cClr+chds.mflux_cClr+chds.cflux_cClr mol/(m²·s) Total flux, r component Domain 3 + operation
chds.tflux_cClphi chds.dflux_cClphi+chds.mflux_cClphi+chds.cflux_cClphi mol/(m²·s) Total flux, phi component Domain 3 + operation
chds.tflux_cClz chds.dflux_cClz+chds.mflux_cClz+chds.cflux_cClz mol/(m²·s) Total flux, z component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.dflux_cClr^2+chds.dflux_cClphi^2+chds.dflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.tfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.tflux_cClr^2+chds.tflux_cClphi^2+chds.tflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Total flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cClr 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, r component Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cClphi 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.dpflux_cClz 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, z component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cClr chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClrz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, r component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cClphi chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClphir*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClphiz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.mflux_cClz chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClzz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, z component Domain 3
chds.mfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.mflux_cClr^2+chds.mflux_cClphi^2+chds.mflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.dflux_cKr -chds.D_cKrr*cKr-chds.D_cKrz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, r component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dflux_cKphi -chds.D_cKphir*cKr-chds.D_cKphiz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, phi component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dflux_cKz -chds.D_cKzr*cKr-chds.D_cKzz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, z component Domain 3 + operation
chds.grad_cKr cKr mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, r component Domain 3
chds.grad_cKphi 0 mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, phi component Domain 3
chds.grad_cKz cKz mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, z component Domain 3
chds.dflux_cClr -chds.D_cClrr*cClr-chds.D_cClrz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, r component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dflux_cClphi -chds.D_cClphir*cClr-chds.D_cClphiz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, phi component Domain 3 + operation
chds.dflux_cClz -chds.D_cClzr*cClr-chds.D_cClzz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, z component Domain 3 + operation
chds.grad_cClr cClr mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, r component Domain 3
chds.grad_cClphi 0 mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, phi component Domain 3
chds.grad_cClz cClz mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, z component Domain 3
chds.um_cKrr chds.D_cKrr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rr component Domain 3
chds.um_cKphir chds.D_cKphir/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phir component Domain 3
chds.um_cKzr chds.D_cKzr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zr component Domain 3
chds.um_cKrphi chds.D_cKrphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cKphiphi chds.D_cKphiphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cKzphi chds.D_cKzphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cKrz chds.D_cKrz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rz component Domain 3
chds.um_cKphiz chds.D_cKphiz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiz component Domain 3
chds.um_cKzz chds.D_cKzz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zz component Domain 3
chds.z_cK 1 1 Charge number Domain 3
chds.um_cClrr chds.D_cClrr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rr component Domain 3
chds.um_cClphir chds.D_cClphir/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phir component Domain 3
chds.um_cClzr chds.D_cClzr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zr component Domain 3
chds.um_cClrphi chds.D_cClrphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cClphiphi chds.D_cClphiphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cClzphi chds.D_cClzphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zphi component Domain 3
chds.um_cClrz chds.D_cClrz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rz component Domain 3
chds.um_cClphiz chds.D_cClphiz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiz component Domain 3
chds.um_cClzz chds.D_cClzz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zz component Domain 3
chds.z_cCl -1 1 Charge number Domain 3
chds.V model.input.V V Electric potential Domain 3 Meta
chds.T chds.cdm1.minput_temperature K Temperature Domain 3
chds.cflux_cKr cK*chds.u mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, r component Domain 3
chds.cflux_cKphi cK*chds.v mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.cflux_cKz cK*chds.w mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, z component Domain 3
chds.cfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.cflux_cKr^2+chds.cflux_cKphi^2+chds.cflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Convective flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.cflux_cClr cCl*chds.u mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, r component Domain 3
chds.cflux_cClphi cCl*chds.v mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, phi component Domain 3
chds.cflux_cClz cCl*chds.w mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, z component Domain 3
chds.cfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.cflux_cClr^2+chds.cflux_cClphi^2+chds.cflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Convective flux magnitude Domain 3
chds.bndFlux_cK 0.25*(uflux_spatial(cK)-dflux_spatial(cK))/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundary 5 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cK -dflux_spatial(cK)/chds.d mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundary 4
chds.bndFlux_cK -0.5*dflux_spatial(cK)/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 6, 11 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cCl 0.25*(uflux_spatial(cCl)-dflux_spatial(cCl))/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundary 5 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cCl -dflux_spatial(cCl)/chds.d mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundary 4
chds.bndFlux_cCl -0.5*dflux_spatial(cCl)/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 6, 11 Meta
chds.Res_cK -chds.D_cKrr*cKrr-chds.D_cKrz*cKrz-chds.D_cKzr*cKzr-chds.D_cKzz*cKzz+d(cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r),cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z))/r)+d(cK*(chds.w-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKzr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKzz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),z)-chds.R_cK mol/(m³·s) Equation residual Domain 3
chds.Rlin_cK 0 Linear source term coefficient Domain 3
chds.Res_cCl -chds.D_cClrr*cClrr-chds.D_cClrz*cClrz-chds.D_cClzr*cClzr-chds.D_cClzz*cClzz+d(cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r),cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z))/r)+d(cCl*(chds.w-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClzr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClzz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),z)-chds.R_cCl mol/(m³·s) Equation residual Domain 3
chds.Rlin_cCl 0 Linear source term coefficient Domain 3
2.3.3.7. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
cK Lagrange (Quadratic) mol/m³ Concentration Material Domain 3
cCl Lagrange (Quadratic) mol/m³ Concentration Material Domain 3
2.3.3.8. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
2*(chds.dflux_cKr*test(cKr)+chds.dflux_cKz*test(cKz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*(chds.dflux_cClr*test(cClr)+chds.dflux_cClz*test(cClz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*((-chds.um_cKrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKrz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cKr)+(-chds.um_cKzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKzz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cKz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*((-chds.um_cClrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClrz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cClr)+(-chds.um_cClzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClzz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cClz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*cK*(chds.u*test(cKr)+chds.w*test(cKz))*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*chds.cbf_cK*test(cK)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Boundaries 4–6, 11
2*cCl*(chds.u*test(cClr)+chds.w*test(cClz))*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*chds.cbf_cCl*test(cCl)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Boundaries 4–6, 11
2*chds.streamline*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3
2*chds.crosswind*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 6 Material Domain 3

2.3.4. Axial Symmetry

phys_chds_axi1_view14.png

Axial Symmetry

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries

2.3.5. No Flux (Glass Wall)

phys_chds_nflx1_view14.png

No Flux (Glass Wall)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries
Equations

equ_chds_nflx1.png

2.3.5.1. Convection
Settings
Description Value
Include Off
2.3.5.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
chds.cbf_cK cK*(-chds.u*chds.nrmesh-chds.v*chds.nphimesh-chds.w*chds.nzmesh) mol/(m²·s) Convective boundary flux Boundaries 7–9, 11
chds.cbf_cCl cCl*(-chds.u*chds.nrmesh-chds.v*chds.nphimesh-chds.w*chds.nzmesh) mol/(m²·s) Convective boundary flux Boundaries 7–9, 11

2.3.6. Initial Values

phys_chds_init1_view14.png

Initial Values

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
2.3.6.1. Initial Values
Settings
Description Value
Concentration {cb, cb}

2.3.7. Convection, Diffusion, and Migration (Bath)

phys_chds_cdm2_view14.png

Convection, Diffusion, and Migration (Bath)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–2, 4
Equations

equ_chds_cdm2_1.png

equ_chds_cdm2_2.png

2.3.7.1. Convection
Settings
Description Value
Velocity field Velocity field (spf)
2.3.7.2. Diffusion
Settings
Description Value
Source Material
Material None
Diffusion coefficient User defined
Diffusion coefficient {{DKBath, 0, 0}, {0, DKBath, 0}, {0, 0, DKBath}}
Diffusion coefficient User defined
Diffusion coefficient {{DClBath, 0, 0}, {0, DClBath, 0}, {0, 0, DClBath}}
2.3.7.3. Migration in Electric Field
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential Electric potential (es)
Mobility Nernst - Einstein relation
Charge number {1, -1}
2.3.7.4. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.3.7.5. Model Input
Settings
Description Value
Temperature User defined
Temperature T
2.3.7.6. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
domflux.cKr 2*(chds.dflux_cKr+chds.cflux_cKr+chds.mflux_cKr)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
domflux.cKz 2*(chds.dflux_cKz+chds.cflux_cKz+chds.mflux_cKz)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
domflux.cClr 2*(chds.dflux_cClr+chds.cflux_cClr+chds.mflux_cClr)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
domflux.cClz 2*(chds.dflux_cClz+chds.cflux_cClz+chds.mflux_cClz)*pi*r*chds.d mol/(m·s) Domain flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.ndflux_cK chds.dflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.dflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.dflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal diffusive flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.ncflux_cK chds.cflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.cflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.cflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal convective flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.nmflux_cK chds.mflux_cKr*chds.nrc+chds.mflux_cKphi*chds.nphic+chds.mflux_cKz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal electrophoretic flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.ntflux_cK chds.bndFlux_cK mol/(m²·s) Normal total flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.ndflux_cCl chds.dflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.dflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.dflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal diffusive flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.ncflux_cCl chds.cflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.cflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.cflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal convective flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.nmflux_cCl chds.mflux_cClr*chds.nrc+chds.mflux_cClphi*chds.nphic+chds.mflux_cClz*chds.nzc mol/(m²·s) Normal electrophoretic flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.ntflux_cCl chds.bndFlux_cCl mol/(m²·s) Normal total flux Boundaries 3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
chds.u model.input.u1 m/s Velocity field, r component Domains 1–2, 4 Meta
chds.v model.input.u2 m/s Velocity field, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 Meta
chds.w model.input.u3 m/s Velocity field, z component Domains 1–2, 4 Meta
chds.DF_cKrr DKBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKphir 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKzr 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKrphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKphiphi DKBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKzphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKrz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKphiz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cKzz DKBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKrr chds.DF_cKrr+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKphir chds.DF_cKphir m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKzr chds.DF_cKzr m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKrphi chds.DF_cKrphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKphiphi chds.DF_cKphiphi+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKzphi chds.DF_cKzphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKrz chds.DF_cKrz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKphiz chds.DF_cKphiz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cKzz chds.DF_cKzz+chds.DiT_cK m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClrr DClBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClphir 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClzr 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClrphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClphiphi DClBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClzphi 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClrz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClphiz 0 m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.DF_cClzz DClBath m²/s Fluid diffusion coefficient, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClrr chds.DF_cClrr+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClphir chds.DF_cClphir m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClzr chds.DF_cClzr m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClrphi chds.DF_cClrphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClphiphi chds.DF_cClphiphi+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClzphi chds.DF_cClzphi m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClrz chds.DF_cClrz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClphiz chds.DF_cClphiz m²/s Diffusion coefficient, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.D_cClzz chds.DF_cClzz+chds.DiT_cCl m²/s Diffusion coefficient, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.Dav_cK 0.5*(chds.D_cKrr+chds.D_cKzz) m²/s Average diffusion coefficient Domains 1–2, 4
chds.Dav_cCl 0.5*(chds.D_cClrr+chds.D_cClzz) m²/s Average diffusion coefficient Domains 1–2, 4
chds.tflux_cKr chds.dflux_cKr+chds.mflux_cKr+chds.cflux_cKr mol/(m²·s) Total flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.tflux_cKphi chds.dflux_cKphi+chds.mflux_cKphi+chds.cflux_cKphi mol/(m²·s) Total flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.tflux_cKz chds.dflux_cKz+chds.mflux_cKz+chds.cflux_cKz mol/(m²·s) Total flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.dflux_cKr^2+chds.dflux_cKphi^2+chds.dflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.tfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.tflux_cKr^2+chds.tflux_cKphi^2+chds.tflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Total flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cKr 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cKphi 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cKz 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cKr chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKrz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cKphi chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKphir*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKphiz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cKz chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*(-chds.um_cKzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKzz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.mflux_cKr^2+chds.mflux_cKphi^2+chds.mflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.tflux_cClr chds.dflux_cClr+chds.mflux_cClr+chds.cflux_cClr mol/(m²·s) Total flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.tflux_cClphi chds.dflux_cClphi+chds.mflux_cClphi+chds.cflux_cClphi mol/(m²·s) Total flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.tflux_cClz chds.dflux_cClz+chds.mflux_cClz+chds.cflux_cClz mol/(m²·s) Total flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.dflux_cClr^2+chds.dflux_cClphi^2+chds.dflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.tfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.tflux_cClr^2+chds.tflux_cClphi^2+chds.tflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Total flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cClr 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cClphi 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dpflux_cClz 0 mol/(m²·s) Dispersive flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cClr chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClrz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cClphi chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClphir*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClphiz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mflux_cClz chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*(-chds.um_cClzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClzz*d(chds.V,z)) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.mfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.mflux_cClr^2+chds.mflux_cClphi^2+chds.mflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Electrophoretic flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dflux_cKr -chds.D_cKrr*cKr-chds.D_cKrz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dflux_cKphi -chds.D_cKphir*cKr-chds.D_cKphiz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dflux_cKz -chds.D_cKzr*cKr-chds.D_cKzz*cKz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.grad_cKr cKr mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.grad_cKphi 0 mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.grad_cKz cKz mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.dflux_cClr -chds.D_cClrr*cClr-chds.D_cClrz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dflux_cClphi -chds.D_cClphir*cClr-chds.D_cClphiz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.dflux_cClz -chds.D_cClzr*cClr-chds.D_cClzz*cClz mol/(m²·s) Diffusive flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.grad_cClr cClr mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.grad_cClphi 0 mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.grad_cClz cClz mol/m⁴ Concentration gradient, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKrr chds.D_cKrr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKphir chds.D_cKphir/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKzr chds.D_cKzr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKrphi chds.D_cKrphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKphiphi chds.D_cKphiphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKzphi chds.D_cKzphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKrz chds.D_cKrz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKphiz chds.D_cKphiz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cKzz chds.D_cKzz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.z_cK 1 1 Charge number Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClrr chds.D_cClrr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClphir chds.D_cClphir/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClzr chds.D_cClzr/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClrphi chds.D_cClrphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClphiphi chds.D_cClphiphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClzphi chds.D_cClzphi/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClrz chds.D_cClrz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClphiz chds.D_cClphiz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.um_cClzz chds.D_cClzz/(R_const*chds.T) s·mol/kg Mobility, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.z_cCl -1 1 Charge number Domains 1–2, 4
chds.V model.input.V V Electric potential Domains 1–2, 4 Meta
chds.T chds.cdm2.minput_temperature K Temperature Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cKr cK*chds.u mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cKphi cK*chds.v mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cKz cK*chds.w mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cfluxMag_cK sqrt(chds.cflux_cKr^2+chds.cflux_cKphi^2+chds.cflux_cKz^2) mol/(m²·s) Convective flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cClr cCl*chds.u mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, r component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cClphi cCl*chds.v mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cflux_cClz cCl*chds.w mol/(m²·s) Convective flux, z component Domains 1–2, 4
chds.cfluxMag_cCl sqrt(chds.cflux_cClr^2+chds.cflux_cClphi^2+chds.cflux_cClz^2) mol/(m²·s) Convective flux magnitude Domains 1–2, 4
chds.bndFlux_cK 0.25*(uflux_spatial(cK)-dflux_spatial(cK))/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 3, 5, 10 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cK -dflux_spatial(cK)/chds.d mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 1–2
chds.bndFlux_cK -0.5*dflux_spatial(cK)/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 7–9, 12–14 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cCl 0.25*(uflux_spatial(cCl)-dflux_spatial(cCl))/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 3, 5, 10 Meta
chds.bndFlux_cCl -dflux_spatial(cCl)/chds.d mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 1–2
chds.bndFlux_cCl -0.5*dflux_spatial(cCl)/(pi*r*chds.d) mol/(m²·s) Boundary flux Boundaries 7–9, 12–14 Meta
chds.Res_cK -chds.D_cKrr*cKrr-chds.D_cKrz*cKrz-chds.D_cKzr*cKzr-chds.D_cKzz*cKzz+d(cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r),cK*(chds.u-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z))/r)+d(cK*(chds.w-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKzr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cK*chds.um_cKzz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),z)-chds.R_cK mol/(m³·s) Equation residual Domains 1–2, 4
chds.Rlin_cK 0 Linear source term coefficient Domains 1–2, 4
chds.Res_cCl -chds.D_cClrr*cClrr-chds.D_cClrz*cClrz-chds.D_cClzr*cClzr-chds.D_cClzz*cClzz+d(cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),r),cCl*(chds.u-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClrz*F_const*d(chds.V,z))/r)+d(cCl*(chds.w-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClzr*F_const*d(chds.V,r)-chds.z_cCl*chds.um_cClzz*F_const*d(chds.V,z)),z)-chds.R_cCl mol/(m³·s) Equation residual Domains 1–2, 4
chds.Rlin_cCl 0 Linear source term coefficient Domains 1–2, 4
2.3.7.7. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
cK Lagrange (Quadratic) mol/m³ Concentration Material Domains 1–2, 4
cCl Lagrange (Quadratic) mol/m³ Concentration Material Domains 1–2, 4
2.3.7.8. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
2*(chds.dflux_cKr*test(cKr)+chds.dflux_cKz*test(cKz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*(chds.dflux_cClr*test(cClr)+chds.dflux_cClz*test(cClz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*chds.z_cK*F_const*cK*((-chds.um_cKrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKrz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cKr)+(-chds.um_cKzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cKzz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cKz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*chds.z_cCl*F_const*cCl*((-chds.um_cClrr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClrz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cClr)+(-chds.um_cClzr*d(chds.V,r)-chds.um_cClzz*d(chds.V,z))*test(cClz))*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*cK*(chds.u*test(cKr)+chds.w*test(cKz))*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*chds.cbf_cK*test(cK)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
2*cCl*(chds.u*test(cClr)+chds.w*test(cClz))*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*chds.cbf_cCl*test(cCl)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
2*chds.streamline*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4
2*chds.crosswind*(isScalingSystemDomain==0)*chds.d*pi*r 6 Material Domains 1–2, 4

2.3.8. Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman, Bath)

phys_chds_init3_view14.png

Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman, Bath)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–2, 4
2.3.8.1. Initial Values
Settings
Description Value
Concentration {cK_GCBath, cCl_GCBath}
2.3.8.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
chds.c0_cK cK_GCBath mol/m³ Concentration Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
chds.c0_cCl cCl_GCBath mol/m³ Concentration Domains 1–2, 4 + operation

2.3.9. Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman, Pore)

phys_chds_init2_view14.png

Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman, Pore)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domain 3
2.3.9.1. Initial Values
Settings
Description Value
Concentration {cK_GC, cCl_GC}
2.3.9.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
chds.c0_cK cK_GC mol/m³ Concentration Domain 3 + operation
chds.c0_cCl cCl_GC mol/m³ Concentration Domain 3 + operation

2.3.10. Concentration (Gouy-Chapman, internal electrode)

phys_chds_conc2_view14.png

Concentration (Gouy-Chapman, internal electrode)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6
Equations

equ_chds_conc2.png

2.3.10.1. Concentration
Settings
Description Value
Species cK On
Species cCl On
Concentration {c_GC(dGlass, 1), c_GC(dGlass, -1)}
2.3.10.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
chds.c0_cK c_GC(dGlass,1) mol/m³ Concentration Boundary 6 + operation
chds.c0_cCl c_GC(dGlass,-1) mol/m³ Concentration Boundary 6 + operation
chds.conc2.nmflow_cK chds.conc2.int(2*chds.ntflux_cK*pi*r)*chds.d mol/s Normal molar flow rate Global
chds.conc2.nmflow_cCl chds.conc2.int(2*chds.ntflux_cCl*pi*r)*chds.d mol/s Normal molar flow rate Global
2.3.10.3. Constraints
Constraint Constraint force Shape function Selection Details
-chds.cVar_cK+chds.c0_cK test(-chds.cVar_cK+chds.c0_cK) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundary 6 Elemental
-chds.cVar_cCl+chds.c0_cCl test(-chds.cVar_cCl+chds.c0_cCl) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundary 6 Elemental

2.3.11. Concentration (Gouy-Chapman, external electrode)

phys_chds_conc3_view14.png

Concentration (Gouy-Chapman, external electrode)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 12–14
Equations

equ_chds_conc3.png

2.3.11.1. Concentration
Settings
Description Value
Species cK On
Species cCl On
Concentration {c_GCBath(dGlass, 1), c_GCBath(dGlass, -1)}
2.3.11.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
chds.c0_cK c_GCBath(dGlass,1) mol/m³ Concentration Boundaries 12–14 + operation
chds.c0_cCl c_GCBath(dGlass,-1) mol/m³ Concentration Boundaries 12–14 + operation
chds.conc3.nmflow_cK chds.conc3.int(2*chds.ntflux_cK*pi*r)*chds.d mol/s Normal molar flow rate Global
chds.conc3.nmflow_cCl chds.conc3.int(2*chds.ntflux_cCl*pi*r)*chds.d mol/s Normal molar flow rate Global
2.3.11.3. Constraints
Constraint Constraint force Shape function Selection Details
-chds.cVar_cK+chds.c0_cK test(-chds.cVar_cK+chds.c0_cK) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundaries 12–14 Elemental
-chds.cVar_cCl+chds.c0_cCl test(-chds.cVar_cCl+chds.c0_cCl) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundaries 12–14 Elemental

2.4. Electrostatics

Used products
COMSOL Multiphysics

phys_es_view14.png

Electrostatics

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_es_1.png

equ_es_2.png

2.4.1. Interface Settings

2.4.1.1. Discretization
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential Quadratic
2.4.1.2. Manual Terminal Sweep Settings
Settings
Description Value
Use manual terminal sweep Off
Reference impedance 50[ohm]

2.4.2. Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.d 1 1 Contribution Domains 1–4
es.nr nr Normal vector, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nphi 0 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nz nz Normal vector, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nr dnr Normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.nphi 0 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.nz dnz Normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.nmeshr nrmesh Mesh normal vector, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nmeshphi 0 Mesh normal vector, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nmeshz nzmesh Mesh normal vector, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.nmeshr dnrmesh Mesh normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.nmeshphi 0 Mesh normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.nmeshz dnzmesh Mesh normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.unmeshr unrmesh Mesh normal vector, upside, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.unmeshphi 0 Mesh normal vector, upside, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.unmeshz unzmesh Mesh normal vector, upside, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnmeshr dnrmesh Mesh normal vector, downside, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnmeshphi 0 Mesh normal vector, downside, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnmeshz dnzmesh Mesh normal vector, downside, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.I_srr 1 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, rr component Domains 1–4
es.I_sphir 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, phir component Domains 1–4
es.I_szr 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, zr component Domains 1–4
es.I_srphi 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, rphi component Domains 1–4
es.I_sphiphi 1 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, phiphi component Domains 1–4
es.I_szphi 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, zphi component Domains 1–4
es.I_srz 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, rz component Domains 1–4
es.I_sphiz 0 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, phiz component Domains 1–4
es.I_szz 1 1 Spatial identity matrix, material frame, zz component Domains 1–4
es.unTr es.unTer Pa Maxwell upward surface stress tensor, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.unTphi es.unTephi Pa Maxwell upward surface stress tensor, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.unTz es.unTez Pa Maxwell upward surface stress tensor, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnTr es.dnTer Pa Maxwell downward surface stress tensor, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnTphi es.dnTephi Pa Maxwell downward surface stress tensor, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnTz es.dnTez Pa Maxwell downward surface stress tensor, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.unr unr Normal vector up direction, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.unphi 0 Normal vector up direction, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.unz unz Normal vector up direction, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnr dnr Normal vector down direction, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnphi 0 Normal vector down direction, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnz dnz Normal vector down direction, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.unTer -0.5*es.dnr*(real(up(es.Dr))*real(up(es.Er))+real(up(es.Dphi))*real(up(es.Ephi))+real(up(es.Dz))*real(up(es.Ez)))+real(up(es.Dr))*(real(up(es.Er))*es.dnr+real(up(es.Ephi))*es.dnphi+real(up(es.Ez))*es.dnz) Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.unTephi -0.5*es.dnphi*(real(up(es.Dr))*real(up(es.Er))+real(up(es.Dphi))*real(up(es.Ephi))+real(up(es.Dz))*real(up(es.Ez)))+real(up(es.Dphi))*(real(up(es.Er))*es.dnr+real(up(es.Ephi))*es.dnphi+real(up(es.Ez))*es.dnz) Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.unTez -0.5*es.dnz*(real(up(es.Dr))*real(up(es.Er))+real(up(es.Dphi))*real(up(es.Ephi))+real(up(es.Dz))*real(up(es.Ez)))+real(up(es.Dz))*(real(up(es.Er))*es.dnr+real(up(es.Ephi))*es.dnphi+real(up(es.Ez))*es.dnz) Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
es.unTer 0 Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.unTephi 0 Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.unTez 0 Pa Maxwell upward electric surface stress tensor, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
es.dnTer -0.5*es.unr*(real(down(es.Dr))*real(down(es.Er))+real(down(es.Dphi))*real(down(es.Ephi))+real(down(es.Dz))*real(down(es.Ez)))+real(down(es.Dr))*(real(down(es.Er))*es.unr+real(down(es.Ephi))*es.unphi+real(down(es.Ez))*es.unz) Pa Maxwell downward electric surface stress tensor, r component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnTephi -0.5*es.unphi*(real(down(es.Dr))*real(down(es.Er))+real(down(es.Dphi))*real(down(es.Ephi))+real(down(es.Dz))*real(down(es.Ez)))+real(down(es.Dphi))*(real(down(es.Er))*es.unr+real(down(es.Ephi))*es.unphi+real(down(es.Ez))*es.unz) Pa Maxwell downward electric surface stress tensor, phi component Boundaries 1–14
es.dnTez -0.5*es.unz*(real(down(es.Dr))*real(down(es.Er))+real(down(es.Dphi))*real(down(es.Ephi))+real(down(es.Dz))*real(down(es.Ez)))+real(down(es.Dz))*(real(down(es.Er))*es.unr+real(down(es.Ephi))*es.unphi+real(down(es.Ez))*es.unz) Pa Maxwell downward electric surface stress tensor, z component Boundaries 1–14
es.intWe es.int_We(es.d*es.dWe) J Total electric energy Global + operation
es.zref 50[ohm] Ω Reference impedance Global

2.4.3. Charge Conservation (Pore)

phys_es_ccn1_view14.png

Charge Conservation (Pore)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_es_ccn1_1.png

equ_es_ccn1_2.png

2.4.3.1. Constitutive Relation D-E
Settings
Description Value
Dielectric model Relative permittivity
Relative permittivity User defined
Relative permittivity {{EpsilonR, 0, 0}, {0, EpsilonR, 0}, {0, 0, EpsilonR}}
2.4.3.2. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.4.3.3. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.nD 0 C/m² Surface charge density Boundaries 4–6, 11 + operation
es.epsilonrrr EpsilonR 1 Relative permittivity, rr component Domain 3
es.epsilonrphir 0 1 Relative permittivity, phir component Domain 3
es.epsilonrzr 0 1 Relative permittivity, zr component Domain 3
es.epsilonrrphi 0 1 Relative permittivity, rphi component Domain 3
es.epsilonrphiphi EpsilonR 1 Relative permittivity, phiphi component Domain 3
es.epsilonrzphi 0 1 Relative permittivity, zphi component Domain 3
es.epsilonrrz 0 1 Relative permittivity, rz component Domain 3
es.epsilonrphiz 0 1 Relative permittivity, phiz component Domain 3
es.epsilonrzz EpsilonR 1 Relative permittivity, zz component Domain 3
es.epsilonr_iso EpsilonR 1 Relative permittivity, isotropic value Domain 3
es.Drr 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, r component Domain 3
es.Drphi 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, phi component Domain 3
es.Drz 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, z component Domain 3
es.Dr epsilon0_const*es.I_srr*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_srphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_srz*es.Ez+es.Pr+es.Per C/m² Electric displacement field, r component Domain 3
es.Dphi epsilon0_const*es.I_sphir*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_sphiphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_sphiz*es.Ez+es.Pphi+es.Pephi C/m² Electric displacement field, phi component Domain 3
es.Dz epsilon0_const*es.I_szr*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_szphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_szz*es.Ez+es.Pz+es.Pez C/m² Electric displacement field, z component Domain 3
es.Pr epsilon0_const*(es.chirr*es.Er+es.chirphi*es.Ephi+es.chirz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, r component Domain 3
es.Pphi epsilon0_const*(es.chiphir*es.Er+es.chiphiphi*es.Ephi+es.chiphiz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, phi component Domain 3
es.Pz epsilon0_const*(es.chizr*es.Er+es.chizphi*es.Ephi+es.chizz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, z component Domain 3
es.normD sqrt(realdot(es.Dr,es.Dr)+realdot(es.Dphi,es.Dphi)+realdot(es.Dz,es.Dz)) C/m² Electric displacement field norm Domain 3
es.normP sqrt(realdot(es.Pr,es.Pr)+realdot(es.Pphi,es.Pphi)+realdot(es.Pz,es.Pz)) C/m² Polarization norm Domain 3
es.Per 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, r component Domain 3 + operation
es.Pephi 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, phi component Domain 3 + operation
es.Pez 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, z component Domain 3 + operation
es.chirr -1+es.epsilonrrr 1 Electric susceptibility, rr component Domain 3
es.chiphir es.epsilonrphir 1 Electric susceptibility, phir component Domain 3
es.chizr es.epsilonrzr 1 Electric susceptibility, zr component Domain 3
es.chirphi es.epsilonrrphi 1 Electric susceptibility, rphi component Domain 3
es.chiphiphi -1+es.epsilonrphiphi 1 Electric susceptibility, phiphi component Domain 3
es.chizphi es.epsilonrzphi 1 Electric susceptibility, zphi component Domain 3
es.chirz es.epsilonrrz 1 Electric susceptibility, rz component Domain 3
es.chiphiz es.epsilonrphiz 1 Electric susceptibility, phiz component Domain 3
es.chizz -1+es.epsilonrzz 1 Electric susceptibility, zz component Domain 3
es.Er -Vr V/m Electric field, r component Domain 3
es.Ephi 0 V/m Electric field, phi component Domain 3
es.Ez -Vz V/m Electric field, z component Domain 3
es.tEr -VTr V/m Tangential electric field, r component Boundaries 4–6, 11
es.tEphi 0 V/m Tangential electric field, phi component Boundaries 4–6, 11
es.tEz -VTz V/m Tangential electric field, z component Boundaries 4–6, 11
es.normE sqrt(realdot(es.Er,es.Er)+realdot(es.Ephi,es.Ephi)+realdot(es.Ez,es.Ez)) V/m Electric field norm Domain 3
es.Jr 2*es.Jdr A/m² Current density, r component Domain 3 + operation
es.Jphi 2*es.Jdphi A/m² Current density, phi component Domain 3 + operation
es.Jz 2*es.Jdz A/m² Current density, z component Domain 3 + operation
es.Jdr 0 A/m² Displacement current density, r component Domain 3
es.Jdphi 0 A/m² Displacement current density, phi component Domain 3
es.Jdz 0 A/m² Displacement current density, z component Domain 3
es.normJ sqrt(realdot(es.Jr,es.Jr)+realdot(es.Jphi,es.Jphi)+realdot(es.Jz,es.Jz)) A/m² Current density norm Domain 3
es.W es.We J/m³ Energy density Domain 3 + operation
es.dWe 2*es.We*pi*r J/m² Integrand for total electric energy Domain 3 Meta
es.We 0.5*epsilon0_const*(((es.I_srr+es.chirr)*es.Er+(es.I_srphi+es.chirphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_srz+es.chirz)*es.Ez)*es.Er+((es.I_sphir+es.chiphir)*es.Er+(es.I_sphiphi+es.chiphiphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_sphiz+es.chiphiz)*es.Ez)*es.Ephi+((es.I_szr+es.chizr)*es.Er+(es.I_szphi+es.chizphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_szz+es.chizz)*es.Ez)*es.Ez) J/m³ Electric energy density Domain 3
es.ccn1.nJ es.unr*down(es.Jr)+es.unphi*down(es.Jphi)+es.unz*down(es.Jz) A/m² Inward current density Boundaries 4–6, 11
2.4.3.4. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
V Lagrange (Quadratic) V Electric potential Material Domain 3
2.4.3.5. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
-2*(es.Dr*test(Vr)+es.Dz*test(Vz))*es.d*pi*r 4 Material Domain 3

2.4.4. Axial Symmetry

phys_es_axi1_view14.png

Axial Symmetry

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries

2.4.5. Zero Charge

phys_es_zc1_view14.png

Zero Charge

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries
Equations

equ_es_zc1.png

2.4.5.1. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection Details
V Lagrange (Quadratic) V Electric potential Material No boundaries Slit

2.4.6. Initial Values

phys_es_init1_view14.png

Initial Values

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential 0

2.4.7. Charge Conservation (Bath)

phys_es_ccn2_view14.png

Charge Conservation (Bath)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–2, 4
Equations

equ_es_ccn2_1.png

equ_es_ccn2_2.png

2.4.7.1. Constitutive Relation D-E
Settings
Description Value
Dielectric model Relative permittivity
Relative permittivity User defined
Relative permittivity {{EpsilonRBath, 0, 0}, {0, EpsilonRBath, 0}, {0, 0, EpsilonRBath}}
2.4.7.2. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.4.7.3. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.nD 0 C/m² Surface charge density Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14 + operation
es.epsilonrrr EpsilonRBath 1 Relative permittivity, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrphir 0 1 Relative permittivity, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrzr 0 1 Relative permittivity, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrrphi 0 1 Relative permittivity, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrphiphi EpsilonRBath 1 Relative permittivity, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrzphi 0 1 Relative permittivity, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrrz 0 1 Relative permittivity, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrphiz 0 1 Relative permittivity, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonrzz EpsilonRBath 1 Relative permittivity, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.epsilonr_iso EpsilonRBath 1 Relative permittivity, isotropic value Domains 1–2, 4
es.Drr 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, r component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Drphi 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Drz 0 C/m² Remanent electric displacement, z component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Dr epsilon0_const*es.I_srr*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_srphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_srz*es.Ez+es.Pr+es.Per C/m² Electric displacement field, r component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Dphi epsilon0_const*es.I_sphir*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_sphiphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_sphiz*es.Ez+es.Pphi+es.Pephi C/m² Electric displacement field, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Dz epsilon0_const*es.I_szr*es.Er+epsilon0_const*es.I_szphi*es.Ephi+epsilon0_const*es.I_szz*es.Ez+es.Pz+es.Pez C/m² Electric displacement field, z component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Pr epsilon0_const*(es.chirr*es.Er+es.chirphi*es.Ephi+es.chirz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, r component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Pphi epsilon0_const*(es.chiphir*es.Er+es.chiphiphi*es.Ephi+es.chiphiz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Pz epsilon0_const*(es.chizr*es.Er+es.chizphi*es.Ephi+es.chizz*es.Ez) C/m² Polarization, z component Domains 1–2, 4
es.normD sqrt(realdot(es.Dr,es.Dr)+realdot(es.Dphi,es.Dphi)+realdot(es.Dz,es.Dz)) C/m² Electric displacement field norm Domains 1–2, 4
es.normP sqrt(realdot(es.Pr,es.Pr)+realdot(es.Pphi,es.Pphi)+realdot(es.Pz,es.Pz)) C/m² Polarization norm Domains 1–2, 4
es.Per 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.Pephi 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.Pez 0 C/m² Polarization contribution, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.chirr -1+es.epsilonrrr 1 Electric susceptibility, rr component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chiphir es.epsilonrphir 1 Electric susceptibility, phir component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chizr es.epsilonrzr 1 Electric susceptibility, zr component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chirphi es.epsilonrrphi 1 Electric susceptibility, rphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chiphiphi -1+es.epsilonrphiphi 1 Electric susceptibility, phiphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chizphi es.epsilonrzphi 1 Electric susceptibility, zphi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chirz es.epsilonrrz 1 Electric susceptibility, rz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chiphiz es.epsilonrphiz 1 Electric susceptibility, phiz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.chizz -1+es.epsilonrzz 1 Electric susceptibility, zz component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Er -Vr V/m Electric field, r component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Ephi 0 V/m Electric field, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Ez -Vz V/m Electric field, z component Domains 1–2, 4
es.tEr -VTr V/m Tangential electric field, r component Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
es.tEphi 0 V/m Tangential electric field, phi component Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
es.tEz -VTz V/m Tangential electric field, z component Boundaries 1–3, 5, 7–10, 12–14
es.normE sqrt(realdot(es.Er,es.Er)+realdot(es.Ephi,es.Ephi)+realdot(es.Ez,es.Ez)) V/m Electric field norm Domains 1–2, 4
es.Jr 2*es.Jdr A/m² Current density, r component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.Jphi 2*es.Jdphi A/m² Current density, phi component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.Jz 2*es.Jdz A/m² Current density, z component Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.Jdr 0 A/m² Displacement current density, r component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Jdphi 0 A/m² Displacement current density, phi component Domains 1–2, 4
es.Jdz 0 A/m² Displacement current density, z component Domains 1–2, 4
es.normJ sqrt(realdot(es.Jr,es.Jr)+realdot(es.Jphi,es.Jphi)+realdot(es.Jz,es.Jz)) A/m² Current density norm Domains 1–2, 4
es.W es.We J/m³ Energy density Domains 1–2, 4 + operation
es.dWe 2*es.We*pi*r J/m² Integrand for total electric energy Domains 1–2, 4 Meta
es.We 0.5*epsilon0_const*(((es.I_srr+es.chirr)*es.Er+(es.I_srphi+es.chirphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_srz+es.chirz)*es.Ez)*es.Er+((es.I_sphir+es.chiphir)*es.Er+(es.I_sphiphi+es.chiphiphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_sphiz+es.chiphiz)*es.Ez)*es.Ephi+((es.I_szr+es.chizr)*es.Er+(es.I_szphi+es.chizphi)*es.Ephi+(es.I_szz+es.chizz)*es.Ez)*es.Ez) J/m³ Electric energy density Domains 1–2, 4
es.ccn2.nJ es.dnr*up(es.Jr)+es.dnphi*up(es.Jphi)+es.dnz*up(es.Jz) A/m² Inward current density Boundary 5
es.ccn2.nJ es.unr*down(es.Jr)+es.unphi*down(es.Jphi)+es.unz*down(es.Jz) A/m² Inward current density Boundaries 1–2, 7–9, 12–14
2.4.7.4. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
V Lagrange (Quadratic) V Electric potential Material Domains 1–2, 4
2.4.7.5. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
-2*(es.Dr*test(Vr)+es.Dz*test(Vz))*es.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–2, 4

2.4.8. Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman in Pore)

phys_es_init2_view14.png

Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman in Pore)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domain 3
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential Potential_GC + AnalyticalPotentialNoCharge

2.4.9. Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman in Bath)

phys_es_init3_view14.png

Initial Values (Gouy-Chapman in Bath)

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–2, 4
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential Potential_GCBath + AnalyticalPotentialNoCharge

2.4.10. Space Charge Density

phys_es_scd1_view14.png

Space Charge Density

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–4
Equations

equ_es_scd1.png

2.4.10.1. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.4.10.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.scd1.rhoq ExcessCharge C/m³ Space charge density Domains 1–4
es.rhoq es.scd1.rhoq C/m³ Space charge density Domains 1–4 + operation
2.4.10.3. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
-2*es.scd1.rhoq*test(V)*es.d*pi*r 4 Material Domains 1–4

2.4.11. Surface Charge (Glass Wall)

phys_es_sfcd1_view14.png

Surface Charge (Glass Wall)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Glass Wall
Selection Named sel1: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 7–9, 11
Equations

equ_es_sfcd1.png

2.4.11.1. Surface Charge Density
Settings
Description Value
Surface charge density PoreSurfaceCharge
2.4.11.2. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.4.11.3. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.nD es.sfcd1.rhoqs C/m² Surface charge density Boundaries 7–9, 11 + operation
es.sfcd1.rhoqs PoreSurfaceCharge C/m² Surface charge density Boundaries 7–9, 11
2.4.11.4. Weak Expressions
Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection
-2*es.sfcd1.rhoqs*test(V)*es.d*pi*r 4 Material Boundaries 7–9, 11

2.4.12. Electric Potential (Gouy-Chapman, external electrode)

phys_es_pot2_view14.png

Electric Potential (Gouy-Chapman, external electrode)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name External Electrode
Selection Named sel4: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 12–14
Equations

equ_es_pot2.png

2.4.12.1. Electric Potential
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential E_GCBath(dGlass)
2.4.12.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.nD es.unr*down(es.Dr)+es.unphi*down(es.Dphi)+es.unz*down(es.Dz) C/m² Surface charge density Boundaries 12–14 + operation
es.V0 E_GCBath(dGlass) V Electric potential Boundaries 12–14
2.4.12.3. Constraints
Constraint Constraint force Shape function Selection Details
es.V0-V test(es.V0-V) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundaries 12–14 Elemental

2.4.13. Electric Potential (Gouy-Chapman, internal electrode)

phys_es_pot3_view14.png

Electric Potential (Gouy-Chapman, internal electrode)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Internal Electrode
Selection Named sel3: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6
Equations

equ_es_pot3.png

2.4.13.1. Electric Potential
Settings
Description Value
Electric potential VApp + E_GC(dGlass)
2.4.13.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
es.nD es.unr*down(es.Dr)+es.unphi*down(es.Dphi)+es.unz*down(es.Dz) C/m² Surface charge density Boundary 6 + operation
es.V0 VApp+E_GC(dGlass) V Electric potential Boundary 6
2.4.13.3. Constraints
Constraint Constraint force Shape function Selection Details
es.V0-V test(es.V0-V) Lagrange (Quadratic) Boundary 6 Elemental

2.5. Laminar Flow

Used products
COMSOL Multiphysics

phys_spf_view14.png

Laminar Flow

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_spf_1.png

equ_spf_2.png

2.5.1. Interface Settings

2.5.1.1. Discretization
Settings
Description Value
Discretization of fluids P1 + P1
Settings
Description Value
Equation form Study controlled
2.5.1.2. Physical Model
Settings
Description Value
Neglect inertial term (Stokes flow) Off
Compressibility Incompressible flow
Swirl flow Off
Enable porous media domains Off
Include gravity Off
Reference temperature 293.15[K]
Reference pressure level 1[atm]
Reference temperature User defined
2.5.1.3. Turbulence
Settings
Description Value
Turbulence model type None

2.5.2. Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
spf.Tref model.input.Tref K Reference temperature Global Meta
spf.dz 1 m Thickness Domains 1–4
spf.pref 1[atm] Pa Reference pressure level Domains 1–4
spf.pA p+spf.pref Pa Absolute pressure Domains 1–4
spf.hasWF 0 Help variable Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.hasWF_u 0 Help variable Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.hasWF_d 0 Help variable Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.dt_CFL 1/max(spf.maxop(sqrt(emetric(u,w))),eps) s Time step, CFL=1 Global
spf.Qvd_tot spf.intop(2*spf.Qvd*pi*r) W Total viscous dissipation Global
spf.K_stressr spf.K_stress_tensorrr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorrphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorrz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, exterior boundaries, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stressphi spf.K_stress_tensorphir*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorphiz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, exterior boundaries, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stressz spf.K_stress_tensorzr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorzphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorzz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, exterior boundaries, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stressr spf.T_stress_tensorrr*spf.nrmesh+spf.T_stress_tensorrphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.T_stress_tensorrz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, exterior boundaries, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stressphi spf.T_stress_tensorphir*spf.nrmesh+spf.T_stress_tensorphiphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.T_stress_tensorphiz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, exterior boundaries, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stressz spf.T_stress_tensorzr*spf.nrmesh+spf.T_stress_tensorzphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.T_stress_tensorzz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, exterior boundaries, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stress_dr down(spf.K_stress_tensorrr)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorrz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.K_stress_dphi down(spf.K_stress_tensorphir)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.K_stress_dz down(spf.K_stress_tensorzr)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorzz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.K_stress_dr down(spf.K_stress_tensorrr)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorrz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stress_dphi down(spf.K_stress_tensorphir)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stress_dz down(spf.K_stress_tensorzr)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.K_stress_tensorzz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, downside, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.K_stress_ur -up(spf.K_stress_tensorrr)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorrz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, upside, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.K_stress_uphi -up(spf.K_stress_tensorphir)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, upside, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.K_stress_uz -up(spf.K_stress_tensorzr)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.K_stress_tensorzz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Viscous force, interior boundaries, upside, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_dr down(spf.T_stress_tensorrr)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorrz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_dphi down(spf.T_stress_tensorphir)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_dz down(spf.T_stress_tensorzr)*spf.nrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.nphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorzz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_dr down(spf.T_stress_tensorrr)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorrz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stress_dphi down(spf.T_stress_tensorphir)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stress_dz down(spf.T_stress_tensorzr)*spf.dnrmesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.dnphimesh+down(spf.T_stress_tensorzz)*spf.dnzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, downside, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.T_stress_ur -up(spf.T_stress_tensorrr)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorrphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorrz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, upside, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_uphi -up(spf.T_stress_tensorphir)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorphiphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorphiz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, upside, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.T_stress_uz -up(spf.T_stress_tensorzr)*spf.nrmesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorzphi)*spf.nphimesh-up(spf.T_stress_tensorzz)*spf.nzmesh N/m² Total traction, interior boundaries, upside, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.usePseudoTimeStepping 0 1 Help variable Global
spf.nr nr 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nphi 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nz nz 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nr dnr 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.nphi 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.nz dnz 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.nrmesh nrmesh 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nphimesh 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nzmesh nzmesh 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 3, 5, 10
spf.nrmesh dnrmesh 1 Normal vector, r component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.nphimesh 0 1 Normal vector, phi component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14
spf.nzmesh dnzmesh 1 Normal vector, z component Boundaries 1–2, 4, 6–9, 11–14

2.5.3. Fluid Properties Bulk

phys_spf_fp1_view14.png

Fluid Properties Bulk

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
Equations

equ_spf_fp1_1.png

equ_spf_fp1_2.png

equ_spf_fp1_3.png

2.5.3.1. Fluid Properties
Settings
Description Value
Density User defined
Density FluidDensity
Newtonian
Dynamic viscosity User defined
Dynamic viscosity FluidViscosity
2.5.3.2. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
u Lagrange (Linear) m/s Velocity field, r component Material No domains
w Lagrange (Linear) m/s Velocity field, z component Material No domains
p Lagrange (Linear) Pa Pressure Material No domains

2.5.4. Initial Values

phys_spf_init1_view14.png

Initial Values

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: All domains
2.5.4.1. Initial Values
Settings
Description Value
Velocity field, r component 0
Velocity field, phi component 0
Velocity field, z component 0
Pressure 0
2.5.4.2. Coordinate System Selection
Settings
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system
2.5.4.3. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
spf.u_initr 0 m/s Velocity field, r component Domains 1–4
spf.u_initphi 0 m/s Velocity field, phi component Domains 1–4
spf.u_initz 0 m/s Velocity field, z component Domains 1–4
spf.p_init 0 Pa Pressure Domains 1–4

2.5.5. Axial Symmetry

phys_spf_axi1_view14.png

Axial Symmetry

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries

2.5.6. Wall (Glass)

phys_spf_wallbc1_view14.png

Wall (Glass)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries
Equations

equ_spf_wallbc1.png

2.5.6.1. Boundary Condition
Settings
Description Value
Wall condition No slip
2.5.6.2. Wall Movement
Settings
Description Value
Translational velocity Automatic from frame
Sliding wall Off
2.5.6.3. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
spf.ubndr spf.utrr+spf.usr m/s Velocity at boundary, r component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.ubndphi spf.utrphi+spf.usphi m/s Velocity at boundary, phi component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.ubndz spf.utrz+spf.usz m/s Velocity at boundary, z component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.usr 0 m/s Velocity of sliding wall, r component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.usphi 0 m/s Velocity of sliding wall, phi component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.usz 0 m/s Velocity of sliding wall, z component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.utrr 0 m/s Velocity of moving wall, r component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.utrphi 0 m/s Velocity of moving wall, phi component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.utrz 0 m/s Velocity of moving wall, z component Boundaries 7–9, 11
spf.uLeakager 0 m/s Leakage velocity, r component Boundaries 7–9, 11 + operation
spf.uLeakagephi 0 m/s Leakage velocity, phi component Boundaries 7–9, 11 + operation
spf.uLeakagez 0 m/s Leakage velocity, z component Boundaries 7–9, 11 + operation
spf.noSlipWall 1 1 Help variable Boundaries 7–9, 11

2.5.7. Fluid Properties Bath

phys_spf_fp2_view14.png

Fluid Properties Bath

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–4
Equations

equ_spf_fp2_1.png

equ_spf_fp2_2.png

equ_spf_fp2_3.png

2.5.7.1. Fluid Properties
Settings
Description Value
Density User defined
Density FluidDensityBath
Newtonian
Dynamic viscosity User defined
Dynamic viscosity FluidViscosityBath
2.5.7.2. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
spf.mu material.mu Pa·s Dynamic viscosity Domains 1–4 Meta
spf.rho material.rho kg/m³ Density Domains 1–4 Meta
spf.Trho spf.fp2.minput_temperature K Temperature for density evaluation Domains 1–4
spf.prho spf.fp2.minput_pressure Pa Pressure for the evaluation of density Domains 1–4
spf.rhoref subst(material.rho,minput.T,spf.Tref,minput.pA,spf.pref) kg/m³ Reference density Domains 1–4 Meta
spf.mumat material.mu Pa·s Dynamic viscosity Domains 1–4 Meta
spf.srijrr ur 1/s Strain rate tensor, rr component Domains 1–4
spf.srijphir 0 1/s Strain rate tensor, phir component Domains 1–4
spf.srijzr 0.5*(wr+uz) 1/s Strain rate tensor, zr component Domains 1–4
spf.srijrphi 0 1/s Strain rate tensor, rphi component Domains 1–4
spf.srijphiphi if(abs(r)<0.001*h,ur,u/r) 1/s Strain rate tensor, phiphi component Domains 1–4
spf.srijzphi 0 1/s Strain rate tensor, zphi component Domains 1–4
spf.srijrz 0.5*(uz+wr) 1/s Strain rate tensor, rz component Domains 1–4
spf.srijphiz 0 1/s Strain rate tensor, phiz component Domains 1–4
spf.srijzz wz 1/s Strain rate tensor, zz component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijrr 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, rr component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijphir 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, phir component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijzr 0.5*(wr-uz) 1/s Rotation rate tensor, zr component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijrphi 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, rphi component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijphiphi 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, phiphi component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijzphi 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, zphi component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijrz 0.5*(uz-wr) 1/s Rotation rate tensor, rz component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijphiz 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, phiz component Domains 1–4
spf.rrijzz 0 1/s Rotation rate tensor, zz component Domains 1–4
spf.sr sqrt(2*spf.srijrr^2+2*spf.srijrphi^2+2*spf.srijrz^2+2*spf.srijphir^2+2*spf.srijphiphi^2+2*spf.srijphiz^2+2*spf.srijzr^2+2*spf.srijzphi^2+2*spf.srijzz^2+eps) 1/s Shear rate Domains 1–4
spf.rr sqrt(2*spf.rrijrr^2+2*spf.rrijrphi^2+2*spf.rrijrz^2+2*spf.rrijphir^2+2*spf.rrijphiphi^2+2*spf.rrijphiz^2+2*spf.rrijzr^2+2*spf.rrijzphi^2+2*spf.rrijzz^2+eps) 1/s Rotation rate Domains 1–4
spf.divu ur+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,ur,u/r)+wz 1/s Divergence of velocity field Domains 1–4
spf.Fr 0 N/m³ Volume force, r component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fphi 0 N/m³ Volume force, phi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fz 0 N/m³ Volume force, z component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.U sqrt(u^2+w^2) m/s Velocity magnitude Domains 1–4
spf.vorticityr 0 1/s Vorticity field, r component Domains 1–4
spf.vorticityphi -wr+uz 1/s Vorticity field, phi component Domains 1–4
spf.vorticityz 0 1/s Vorticity field, z component Domains 1–4
spf.vort_magn sqrt(spf.vorticityr^2+spf.vorticityphi^2+spf.vorticityz^2) 1/s Vorticity magnitude Domains 1–4
spf.cellRe 0.25*spf.rho*sqrt(emetric(u,w)/emetric2)/spf.mu 1 Cell Reynolds number Domains 1–4
spf.nu spf.mu/spf.rho m²/s Kinematic viscosity Domains 1–4
spf.betaT 0 1/Pa Isothermal compressibility coefficient Domains 1–4
spf.Qm 0 kg/(m³·s) Source term Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fgtotr 0 N/m³ Gravity force, r component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fgtotphi 0 N/m³ Gravity force, phi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fgtotz 0 N/m³ Gravity force, z component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.mu_eff spf.mu+spf.muT Pa·s Effective dynamic viscosity Domains 1–4
spf.muT 0 Pa·s Turbulent dynamic viscosity Domains 1–4
spf.T_stress_tensorrr spf.K_stress_tensorrr-p N/m² Total stress tensor, rr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorphir spf.K_stress_tensorphir N/m² Total stress tensor, phir component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorzr spf.K_stress_tensorzr N/m² Total stress tensor, zr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorrphi spf.K_stress_tensorrphi N/m² Total stress tensor, rphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorphiphi spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi-p N/m² Total stress tensor, phiphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorzphi spf.K_stress_tensorzphi N/m² Total stress tensor, zphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorrz spf.K_stress_tensorrz N/m² Total stress tensor, rz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorphiz spf.K_stress_tensorphiz N/m² Total stress tensor, phiz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.T_stress_tensorzz spf.K_stress_tensorzz-p N/m² Total stress tensor, zz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorrr 2*spf.mu_eff*ur N/m² Viscous stress tensor, rr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorphir 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor, phir component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorzr spf.mu_eff*(wr+uz) N/m² Viscous stress tensor, zr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorrphi 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor, rphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi 2*spf.mu_eff*if(abs(r)<0.001*h,ur,u/r) N/m² Viscous stress tensor, phiphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorzphi 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor, zphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorrz spf.mu_eff*(uz+wr) N/m² Viscous stress tensor, rz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorphiz 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor, phiz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensorzz 2*spf.mu_eff*wz N/m² Viscous stress tensor, zz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testrr 2*spf.mu_eff*test(ur) N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, rr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testphir 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, phir component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testzr spf.mu_eff*(test(wr)+test(uz)) N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, zr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testrphi 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, rphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testphiphi 2*spf.mu_eff*if(abs(r)<0.001*h,test(ur),test(u)/r) N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, phiphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testzphi 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, zphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testrz spf.mu_eff*(test(uz)+test(wr)) N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, rz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testphiz 0 N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, phiz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.K_stress_tensor_testzz 2*spf.mu_eff*test(wz) N/m² Viscous stress tensor test, zz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.upwind_helpr u m/s Upwind term, r component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.upwind_helpphi 0 m/s Upwind term, phi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.upwind_helpz w m/s Upwind term, z component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.continuityEquation spf.rho*spf.divu kg/(m³·s) Continuity equation Domains 1–4
spf.contCoeff spf.rho kg/m³ Continuity equation Domains 1–4
spf.tau_vdrr 2*spf.mu*spf.srijrr Pa Viscous stress tensor, rr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdphir 2*spf.mu*spf.srijphir Pa Viscous stress tensor, phir component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdzr 2*spf.mu*spf.srijzr Pa Viscous stress tensor, zr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdrphi 2*spf.mu*spf.srijrphi Pa Viscous stress tensor, rphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdphiphi 2*spf.mu*spf.srijphiphi Pa Viscous stress tensor, phiphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdzphi 2*spf.mu*spf.srijzphi Pa Viscous stress tensor, zphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdrz 2*spf.mu*spf.srijrz Pa Viscous stress tensor, rz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdphiz 2*spf.mu*spf.srijphiz Pa Viscous stress tensor, phiz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.tau_vdzz 2*spf.mu*spf.srijzz Pa Viscous stress tensor, zz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Qvd spf.tau_vdrr*ur+spf.tau_vdrz*uz+spf.tau_vdphiphi*if(abs(r)<0.001*h,ur,u/r)+spf.tau_vdzr*wr+spf.tau_vdzz*wz W/m³ Viscous dissipation Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.epsilon_p 1 1 Porosity Domains 1–4
spf.Fst_tensorrr 0 N/m² Surface tension force, rr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorphir 0 N/m² Surface tension force, phir component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorzr 0 N/m² Surface tension force, zr component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorrphi 0 N/m² Surface tension force, rphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorphiphi 0 N/m² Surface tension force, phiphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorzphi 0 N/m² Surface tension force, zphi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorrz 0 N/m² Surface tension force, rz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorphiz 0 N/m² Surface tension force, phiz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fst_tensorzz 0 N/m² Surface tension force, zz component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.res_u if(spf.isFluidHasBeenSolved==0,0,pr+spf.rho*u*ur+spf.rho*w*uz-(d(2*ur,r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(2*ur,r),2*ur/r)+d(uz+wr,z)-2*if(abs(r)<0.001*h,ur,u/r)/r)*spf.mu-spf.Fr) N/m³ Equation residual Domains 1–4
spf.res_v if(spf.isFluidHasBeenSolved==0,0,-spf.Fphi) N/m³ Equation residual Domains 1–4
spf.res_w if(spf.isFluidHasBeenSolved==0,0,spf.rho*u*wr+pz+spf.rho*w*wz-(d(wr+uz,r)+if(abs(r)<0.001*h,d(wr+uz,r),(wr+uz)/r)+d(2*wz,z))*spf.mu-spf.Fz) N/m³ Equation residual Domains 1–4
spf.res_p spf.rho*spf.divu kg/(m³·s) Pressure equation residual Domains 1–4
2.5.7.3. Shape functions
Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection
u Lagrange (Linear) m/s Velocity field, r component Material Domains 1–4
w Lagrange (Linear) m/s Velocity field, z component Material Domains 1–4
p Lagrange (Linear) Pa Pressure Material Domains 1–4

2.5.8. Volume Force

phys_spf_vf1_view14.png

Volume Force

Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 2: Domains 1–4
Equations

equ_spf_vf1_1.png

equ_spf_vf1_2.png

2.5.8.1. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
spf.Fr -ExcessCharge*Vr N/m³ Volume force, r component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fphi 0 N/m³ Volume force, phi component Domains 1–4 + operation
spf.Fz -ExcessCharge*Vz N/m³ Volume force, z component Domains 1–4 + operation

2.5.9. Inlet

phys_spf_inl1_view14.png

Inlet

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Internal Electrode
Selection Named sel3: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6
Equations

equ_spf_inl1_1.png

equ_spf_inl1_2.png

2.5.9.1. Boundary Condition
Settings
Description Value
Boundary condition Pressure
2.5.9.2. Pressure Conditions
Settings
Description Value
Pressure Static
Pressure PApp
Suppress backflow Off
Flow direction Normal flow
2.5.9.3. Constraint Settings
Settings
Description Value
Apply reaction terms on All physics (symmetric)
Use weak constraints Off
Constraint method Elemental
2.5.9.4. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
spf.KStressn_avr spf.K_stress_tensorrr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorrphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorrz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, r component Boundary 6
spf.KStressn_avphi spf.K_stress_tensorphir*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorphiphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorphiz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, phi component Boundary 6
spf.KStressn_avz spf.K_stress_tensorzr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensorzphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensorzz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, z component Boundary 6
spf.KStressTestn_avr spf.K_stress_tensor_testrr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testrphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testrz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, r component Boundary 6
spf.KStressTestn_avphi spf.K_stress_tensor_testphir*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testphiphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testphiz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, phi component Boundary 6
spf.KStressTestn_avz spf.K_stress_tensor_testzr*spf.nrmesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testzphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.K_stress_tensor_testzz*spf.nzmesh N/m² Average viscous stress, z component Boundary 6
spf.ujumpr spf.ut_herer-spf.ut_therer m/s Velocity jump, r component Boundary 6
spf.ujumpphi spf.ut_herephi-spf.ut_therephi m/s Velocity jump, phi component Boundary 6
spf.ujumpz spf.ut_herez-spf.ut_therez m/s Velocity jump, z component Boundary 6
spf.meshVol meshvol m Boundary 6
spf.meshVolInt down(meshvol) Volume of interior mesh element Boundary 6
spf.sigma_dg_ns 4*spf.ct_here kg/(m²·s) Boundary 6
spf.p0 PApp Pa Pressure Boundary 6
spf.f0 spf.p0 N/m² Normal stress Boundary 6
spf.inl1.dz spf.dz m Channel thickness Boundary 6
spf.un_here u*nojac(spf.nrmesh)+w*nojac(spf.nzmesh) m/s Intermediate variable Boundary 6
spf.ut_herer u-spf.un_here*nojac(spf.nrmesh) m/s Intermediate variable, r component Boundary 6
spf.ut_herephi -spf.un_here*nojac(spf.nphimesh) m/s Intermediate variable, phi component Boundary 6
spf.ut_herez w-spf.un_here*nojac(spf.nzmesh) m/s Intermediate variable, z component Boundary 6
spf.un_there 0 m/s Intermediate variable Boundary 6
spf.ut_therer -spf.un_there*nojac(spf.nrmesh) m/s Intermediate variable, r component Boundary 6
spf.ut_therephi -spf.un_there*nojac(spf.nphimesh) m/s Intermediate variable, phi component Boundary 6
spf.ut_therez -spf.un_there*nojac(spf.nzmesh) m/s Intermediate variable, z component Boundary 6
spf.ct_here 24*nojac(down((spf.mu+spf.muT)/spf.epsilon_p))*spf.meshVol/spf.meshVolInt Pa·s/m Intermediate variable Boundary 6
spf.inl1.volumeFlowRate spf.inl1.intop(2*(u*spf.nrmesh+w*spf.nzmesh)*pi*r) m³/s Outward volume flow rate across feature selection Global
spf.inl1.massFlowRate spf.inl1.intop(2*spf.rho*(u*spf.nrmesh+w*spf.nzmesh)*pi*r) kg/s Outward mass flow rate across feature selection Global
spf.inl1.pAverage spf.inl1.intop(2*p*pi*r)/max(spf.inl1.intop(2*pi*r),1000*eps) Pa Pressure average over feature selection Global

2.5.10. Outlet

phys_spf_out1_view14.png

Outlet

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name External Electrode
Selection Named sel4: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 12–14
Equations

equ_spf_out1_1.png

equ_spf_out1_2.png

2.5.10.1. Boundary Condition
Settings
Description Value
Boundary condition Pressure
2.5.10.2. Pressure Conditions
Settings
Description Value
Pressure Static
Pressure 0
Normal flow Off
Suppress backflow On
2.5.10.3. Constraint Settings
Settings
Description Value
Apply reaction terms on All physics (symmetric)
Use weak constraints Off
Constraint method Elemental
2.5.10.4. Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection
spf.meshVol meshvol m Boundaries 12–14
spf.meshVolInt down(meshvol) Volume of interior mesh element Boundaries 12–14
spf.c_here 96/spf.epsilon_p 1 Intermediate variable Boundaries 12–14
spf.rhoFace down(spf.rho) kg/m³ Density face value Boundaries 12–14
spf.umxTnFace spf.upwind_helpr*spf.nrmesh+spf.upwind_helpphi*spf.nphimesh+spf.upwind_helpz*spf.nzmesh m/s Relative velocity on face Boundaries 12–14
spf.upwind_ns spf.backflowPenaltyConv*spf.uNormal Pa Upwind term Boundaries 12–14
spf.p0 0 Pa Pressure Boundaries 12–14
spf.f0 spf.p0+spf.uNormal*(spf.backflowPenaltyDiff-spf.backflowPenaltyConv)*(spf.uNormal<0) N/m² Normal stress Boundaries 12–14
spf.out1.Uav 0 m/s Average velocity Global
spf.out1.Uavfdf 0 m/s Average velocity Global
spf.out1.dz spf.dz m Channel thickness Boundaries 12–14
spf.out1.Mflow spf.out1.massFlowRate kg/s Mass flow Global
spf.uNormal u*nojac(spf.nrmesh)+w*nojac(spf.nzmesh) m/s Normal velocity Boundaries 12–14
spf.backflowPenaltyDiff spf.c_here*min((down(spf.mu)+spf.muT)*spf.meshVol/spf.meshVolInt,down(spf.rho)*abs(spf.uNormal)/down(spf.epsilon_p)) Pa·s/m Backflow penalty parameter, diffusive contribution Boundaries 12–14
spf.backflowPenaltyConv spf.rhoFace*spf.umxTnFace/spf.epsilon_p^2 kg/(m²·s) Backflow penalty parameter, convective contribution Boundaries 12–14
spf.out1.volumeFlowRate spf.out1.intop(2*(u*spf.nrmesh+w*spf.nzmesh)*pi*r) m³/s Outward volume flow rate across feature selection Global
spf.out1.massFlowRate spf.out1.intop(2*spf.rho*(u*spf.nrmesh+w*spf.nzmesh)*pi*r) kg/s Outward mass flow rate across feature selection Global
spf.out1.pAverage spf.out1.intop(2*p*pi*r)/max(spf.out1.intop(2*pi*r),1000*eps) Pa Pressure average over feature selection Global

2.6. Meshes

2.6.1. Testing Mesh

mesh_mesh1_view14.png

Testing Mesh

Mesh statistics
Description Value
Status Empty mesh
Mesh vertices 0
2.6.1.1. Size (size)
Settings
Description Value
Maximum element size 4.3E-5
Minimum element size 1.93E-7
Curvature factor 0.3
Maximum element growth rate 1.3
2.6.1.2. Size 1 (size1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Point
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 0: Point 5

mesh_mesh1_size1_view14.png

Size 1

Settings
Description Value
Maximum element size PoreRadius/100
Minimum element size 6.45E-10
Minimum element size Off
Curvature factor 0.3
Curvature factor Off
Resolution of narrow regions Off
Maximum element growth rate 1.3
Maximum element growth rate Off
Custom element size Custom
2.6.1.3. Boundary Layers 1 (bl1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

mesh_mesh1_bl1_view14.png

Boundary Layers 1

Settings
Description Value
Last build time 1
Built with COMSOL 6.0.0.354 (glnxa64)|2024 - 02 - 23T13:39:38.436070
2.6.1.3.1. Boundary Layer Properties (blp)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Glass Wall
Selection Named sel1: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 7–9, 11

mesh_mesh1_bl1_blp_view14.png

Boundary Layer Properties

Settings
Description Value
Thickness specification First layer
Thickness DebyeLength/6
2.6.1.4. Free Triangular 1 (ftri1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Remaining

mesh_mesh1_ftri1_view14.png

Free Triangular 1

Settings
Description Value
Last build time 0
Built with COMSOL 6.0.0.354 (glnxa64)|2024 - 02 - 23T13:39:38.447555

2.6.2. Final Mesh

mesh_mesh2_view14.png

Final Mesh

Mesh statistics
Description Value
Status Complete mesh
Mesh vertices 21377
Triangles 22982
Quads 9084
Number of elements 32066
Minimum element quality -0.03065
Average element quality 0.8452
Element area ratio -3.6933E-7
Mesh area 4.119E-8 m²
2.6.2.1. Size Overall (size)
Settings
Description Value
Maximum element size 200E-7
Minimum element size 5E-10
Curvature factor 0.2
Resolution of narrow regions 10
Predefined size Extremely fine
Custom element size Custom
2.6.2.2. Size for Glass Wall (size2)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Name Glass Wall
Selection Named sel1: Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 7–9, 11

mesh_mesh2_size2_view14.png

Size for Glass Wall

Settings
Description Value
Maximum element size 6.42E-6
Minimum element size 1.28E-8
Curvature factor 0.2
Predefined size Extremely fine
2.6.2.3. Size Aperture Points (size1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Point
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 0: Points 5–6, 9

mesh_mesh2_size1_view14.png

Size Aperture Points

Settings
Description Value
Maximum element size PoreRadius/100
Minimum element size 6.45E-10
Minimum element size Off
Curvature factor 0.3
Curvature factor Off
Resolution of narrow regions Off
Maximum element growth rate 1.3
Maximum element growth rate Off
Custom element size Custom
2.6.2.4. Boundary Layers (bl1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

mesh_mesh2_bl1_view14.png

Boundary Layers

Settings
Description Value
Number of iterations 30
Maximum element depth to process 30
Last build time 3
Built with COMSOL 6.0.0.354 (glnxa64)|2024 - 06 - 03T21:07:32.687094
2.6.2.4.1. Boundary Layer Properties (Internal) (blp)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 8, 11

mesh_mesh2_bl1_blp_view14.png

Boundary Layer Properties (Internal)

Settings
Description Value
Number of layers 12
Thickness specification First layer
Thickness DebyeLength/10
2.6.2.4.2. Boundary Layer Properties (External) (blp1)
Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundaries 7, 9

mesh_mesh2_bl1_blp1_view14.png

Boundary Layer Properties (External)

Settings
Description Value
Number of layers 12
Thickness specification First layer
Thickness DebyeLengthBath/10

3. Steady State

Computation information
Computation time 6 min 57 s

3.1. Vapp PS

Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
VApp range(0.5,-0.1,-0.5) V
Study settings
Description Value
Sweep type Specified combinations
Parameter name VApp
Unit V
Parameters
Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
VApp (Applied voltage) range(0.5,-0.1,-0.5) V

3.2. Stationary

Study settings
Description Value
Include geometric nonlinearity Off
Physics and variables selection
Physics interface Discretization
Transport of Diluted Species (chds) physics
Electrostatics (es) physics
Mesh selection
Geometry Mesh
Nanopipette (geom1) mesh2

3.3. Solver Configurations

3.3.1. Solution 1

3.3.1.1. Compile Equations: Stationary (st1)
Study and step
Description Value
Use study Steady State
Use study step Stationary
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:00 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.5 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:03 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
3.3.1.2. Dependent Variables 1 (v1)
General
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary
Log
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:03 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:04 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
3.3.1.2.1. Concentration (mod1.cCl) (mod1_cCl)
General
Description Value
Field components mod1.cCl
Internal variables {mod1.uflux.cCl, mod1.dflux.cCl}
3.3.1.2.2. Concentration (mod1.cK) (mod1_cK)
General
Description Value
Field components mod1.cK
Internal variables {mod1.uflux.cK, mod1.dflux.cK}
3.3.1.2.3. Pressure (mod1.p) (mod1_p)
General
Description Value
Field components mod1.p
Solve for this field Off
3.3.1.2.4. Velocity field (mod1.u) (mod1_u)
General
Description Value
Field components {mod1.u, mod1.w}
Internal variables mod1.spf.isFluidHasBeenSolved
Solve for this field Off
3.3.1.2.5. Electric potential (mod1.V) (mod1_V)
General
Description Value
Field components mod1.V
3.3.1.3. Stationary Solver 1 (s1)
General
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary
Results while solving
Description Value
Probes None
Log
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:04 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 44
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         2.1       1e+04   0.0100000         2.1    2    1    2  5.5e-07  1.4e-12
   2           2     9.3e+03   0.1000000         2.2    3    2    4  2.9e-07  2.1e-12
   3       0.015     1.6e+04   1.0000000        0.43    4    3    6  2.7e-09  1.6e-10
   4      0.0012          60   1.0000000       0.015    5    4    8  6.9e-10  1.6e-10
   5     1.6e-05           9   1.0000000      0.0014    7    5   10  2.8e-10  3.2e-12
Solution time: 35 s.
Physical memory: 2.2 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:40 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.1.3.1. Advanced (aDef)
Assembly settings
Description Value
Reuse sparsity pattern On
3.3.1.3.2. Fully Coupled 1 (fc1)
General
Description Value
Linear solver Direct, concentrations (chds) (merged)
Method and termination
Description Value
Initial damping factor 0.01
Minimum damping factor 1.0E-6
Maximum number of iterations 50

3.3.2. Parametric Solutions 1

3.3.2.1. VApp=0.5 (su1)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0.5
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:29:46 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Running on 2 x Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6130 CPU at 2.10 GHz.
Using 2 sockets with 1 core in total on c1331.
Available memory: 191.69 GB.
Parameter VApp = 0.5 (V).
Time: 6 s.
Physical memory: 1.38 GB
Virtual memory: 108.32 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:29:51 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:29:51 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.38 GB
Virtual memory: 108.32 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:29:53 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:29:53 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 44
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         2.1       1e+04   0.0100000         2.1    2    1    2  3.5e-07  2.9e-12
   2           2     9.3e+03   0.1000000         2.2    3    2    4  2.1e-07  2.2e-12
   3       0.019     1.9e+04   1.0000000        0.44    4    3    6  5.1e-10  1.9e-10
   4     0.00042          27   1.0000000       0.023    6    4    8  7.2e-10  4.6e-11
Solution time: 36 s.
Physical memory: 2.14 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:29 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.2. VApp=0.4 (su2)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0.4
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:29 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = 0.4 (V).
Time: 5 s.
Physical memory: 1.41 GB
Virtual memory: 108.37 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:34 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:34 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.41 GB
Virtual memory: 108.37 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:35 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:30:35 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 46
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         1.7       1e+04   0.0100000         1.7    2    1    2  2.1e-08  1.6e-12
   2         1.6     9.3e+03   0.1000000         1.7    3    2    4  9.6e-08  2.1e-12
   3       0.013     1.7e+04   1.0000000        0.43    4    3    6    1e-09  1.1e-10
   4     0.00021          25   1.0000000       0.017    6    4    8  7.2e-10  3.7e-11
Solution time: 30 s.
Physical memory: 2.16 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:06 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.3. VApp=0.3 (su3)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0.3
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:06 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = 0.3 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.48 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:10 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:10 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.48 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:11 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:11 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 48
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         1.3       1e+04   0.0100000         1.3    2    1    2  3.5e-07  2.7e-12
   2         1.2     9.3e+03   0.1000000         1.3    3    2    4  2.6e-07  2.8e-12
   3      0.0076     1.6e+04   1.0000000        0.42    4    3    6  2.2e-09  2.4e-10
   4     9.4e-05          18   1.0000000       0.012    6    4    8  1.2e-10  3.5e-11
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.17 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:42 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.4. VApp=0.2 (su4)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0.2
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:42 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = 0.19999999999999996 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:47 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:47 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:48 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:31:48 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 48
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1        0.85       1e+04   0.0100000        0.85    2    1    2    3e-07  1.6e-12
   2         0.8     9.3e+03   0.1000000        0.89    3    2    4  1.4e-07  3.1e-12
   3      0.0037     1.4e+04   1.0000000        0.42    4    3    6  2.5e-09  1.1e-10
   4     3.6e-05         8.1   1.0000000      0.0076    6    4    8  1.5e-09    4e-11
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.17 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:19 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.5. VApp=0.1 (su5)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0.1
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:19 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = 0.09999999999999998 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:23 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:24 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:25 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:25 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 43
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1        0.42       1e+04   0.0100000        0.43    2    1    2  6.4e-07  1.5e-12
   2         0.4     9.3e+03   0.1000000        0.45    3    2    4  1.4e-07  2.8e-12
   3       0.001     1.3e+04   1.0000000        0.39    4    3    6  4.3e-09  5.1e-11
   4     9.6e-06         2.9   1.0000000      0.0038    6    4    8  1.2e-09    6e-11
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.18 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:56 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.6. VApp=0 (su6)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp=0
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:32:56 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = 0.0 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:01 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:01 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:02 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:02 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 22
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 21
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1      0.0012       1e+04   0.0100000      0.0012    2    1    2  4.6e-09  7.7e-15
   2      0.0011     9.3e+03   0.1000000      0.0012    3    2    4    2e-09    5e-15
   3       0.015          16   1.0000000       0.065    5    3    6  1.4e-09  8.1e-12
   4     3.1e-05        0.14   1.0000000       0.015    7    4    8  9.5e-09  9.2e-12
Solution time: 33 s.
Physical memory: 2.18 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:35 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.7. VApp=-0.1 (su7)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp= - 0.1
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:35 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.10000000000000009 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:39 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:39 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.49 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:39 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:33:40 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 43
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1        0.42       1e+04   0.0100000        0.43    2    1    2  1.9e-07  1.5e-12
   2         0.4     9.3e+03   0.1000000        0.45    3    2    4    2e-07  1.2e-12
   3      0.0011     1.2e+04   1.0000000        0.38    4    3    6  1.8e-09  8.5e-11
   4     1.5e-05         2.9   1.0000000      0.0035    6    4    8  1.3e-09    7e-11
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.17 GB
Virtual memory: 109.21 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:11 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.8. VApp=-0.2 (su8)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp= - 0.2
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:11 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.20000000000000007 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:15 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:15 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 108.44 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:15 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:16 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 48
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1        0.85       1e+04   0.0100000        0.85    2    1    2  6.5e-07  2.3e-12
   2         0.8     9.3e+03   0.1000000        0.89    3    2    4  4.2e-08  1.6e-12
   3      0.0037     1.2e+04   1.0000000        0.41    4    3    6  6.3e-10  9.2e-11
   4     7.4e-05          12   1.0000000      0.0074    6    4    8  1.7e-10  4.5e-11
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.21 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:47 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.9. VApp=-0.3 (su9)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp= - 0.3
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:47 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.30000000000000004 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:51 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:51 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:51 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:34:51 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 48
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         1.3       1e+04   0.0100000         1.3    2    1    2  9.1e-08  1.2e-12
   2         1.2     9.3e+03   0.1000000         1.3    3    2    4  9.5e-08  1.2e-12
   3      0.0069     1.3e+04   1.0000000        0.42    4    3    6  1.5e-09  1.7e-10
   4     0.00024          23   1.0000000       0.011    6    4    8  4.3e-10  1.1e-10
Solution time: 31 s.
Physical memory: 2.21 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:22 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.10. VApp=-0.4 (su10)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp= - 0.4
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:23 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.4 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:26 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:26 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:27 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:27 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 46
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         1.7       1e+04   0.0100000         1.7    2    1    2  3.3e-07  3.1e-12
   2         1.6     9.3e+03   0.1000000         1.8    3    2    4  5.2e-08  1.5e-12
   3       0.011     1.4e+04   1.0000000        0.42    4    3    6  1.3e-09  1.3e-10
   4     0.00054          33   1.0000000       0.016    6    4    8  2.6e-10  1.6e-10
Solution time: 32 s.
Physical memory: 2.21 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:35:59 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->
3.3.2.11. VApp=-0.5 (su11)
General
Description Value
Solution VApp= - 0.5
Log
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:00 PM.
Geometry shape function: Linear Lagrange
Parameter VApp = -0.5 (V).
Time: 4 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:03 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------->
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:03 PM.
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.51 GB
Virtual memory: 108.46 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:04 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ----------------->
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) --------------------
Started at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:04 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 251709 (plus 7738 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Concentration (mod1.cCl): 23
Concentration (mod1.cK): 23
Electric potential (mod1.V): 44
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter      SolEst      ResEst     Damping    Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol   LinErr   LinRes
   1         2.1       1e+04   0.0100000         2.1    2    1    2  5.5e-07  1.4e-12
   2           2     9.3e+03   0.1000000         2.2    3    2    4  2.9e-07  2.1e-12
   3       0.015     1.6e+04   1.0000000        0.43    4    3    6  2.7e-09  1.6e-10
   4      0.0012          60   1.0000000       0.015    5    4    8  6.9e-10  1.6e-10
   5     1.6e-05           9   1.0000000      0.0014    7    5   10  2.8e-10  3.2e-12
Solution time: 35 s.
Physical memory: 2.2 GB
Virtual memory: 109.23 GB
Ended at Jun 4, 2024, 12:36:40 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Steady State/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------->

4. Results

4.1. Data Sets

4.1.1. Steady State/Solution 1

Solution
Description Value
Solution Solution 1
Component Model 1 (mod1)

dset_dset1.png

Dataset: Steady State/Solution 1

4.1.2. Probe Solution 2

Solution
Description Value
Solution Solution 1
Component Model 1 (mod1)

dset_dset2.png

Dataset: Probe Solution 2

4.1.3. Current (internal electrode)

Selection
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: Boundary 6
Data
Description Value
Dataset Probe Solution 2
Settings
Description Value
Method Integration
Integration order 4
Integration order On

4.1.4. Mirror 2D 1

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Axis data
Description Value
Axis entry method Two points
Points {{0, 0}, {0, 1}}

dset_mir1.png

Dataset: Mirror 2D 1

4.1.5. Steady State/Parametric Solutions 1

Solution
Description Value
Solution Parametric Solutions 1
Component Model 1 (mod1)

dset_dset3.png

Dataset: Steady State/Parametric Solutions 1

4.2. Derived Values

4.2.1. Current (internal electrode)

Output
Evaluated in Probe Table 1
Data
Description Value
Dataset Current (internal electrode)
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
-F_const*(chds.bndFlux_cK-chds.bndFlux_cCl)*2*pi*r nA Current (internal)

4.2.2. Line Integration 1

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ntflux_cCl*F_const nA
-F_const*chds.ntflux_cK nA
-F_const*(chds.ntflux_cK-chds.ntflux_cCl) nA
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.3. Line Average 1

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ndflux_cCl mol/(m^2*s) Normal diffusive flux
chds.nmflux_cCl mol/(m^2*s) Normal electrophoretic flux
chds.ndflux_cCl-chds.nmflux_cCl mol/(m^2*s)
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.4. Line Average 2

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ndflux_cK mol/(m^2*s) Normal diffusive flux
chds.nmflux_cK mol/(m^2*s) Normal electrophoretic flux
chds.ndflux_cK-chds.nmflux_cK mol/(m^2*s)
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.5. Line Integration 2

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ndflux_cCl mol/s Normal diffusive flux
chds.nmflux_cCl mol/s Normal electrophoretic flux
chds.ndflux_cCl-chds.nmflux_cCl mol/s
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.6. Line Integration 3

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ndflux_cK mol/s Normal diffusive flux
chds.nmflux_cK mol/s Normal electrophoretic flux
chds.ndflux_cCl-chds.nmflux_cK mol/s
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.7. Line Integration 4

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Solution 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
chds.ndflux_cK mol/s Normal diffusive flux
chds.nmflux_cK mol/s Normal electrophoretic flux
chds.ndflux_cCl-chds.nmflux_cK mol/s
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.2.8. Line Integration 5

Data
Description Value
Dataset Steady State/Parametric Solutions 1
Expressions
Expression Unit Description
-F_const*(chds.ntflux_cK-chds.ntflux_cCl) nA
Integration settings
Description Value
Integration order 4
Compute surface integral On

4.3. Tables

4.3.1. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.2. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.3. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.4. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.5. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.6. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.7. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.8. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.9. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.10. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.11. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.12. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.13. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.14. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.15. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.16. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.17. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.18. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.19. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.20. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.21. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.22. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.23. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.24. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.25. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.26. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.3.27. Probe Table 1

VApp (V) Current (internal) (nA), Current (internal electrode)
0.50000 2.4848
0.40000 2.0479
0.30000 1.5830
0.20000 1.0880
0.10000 0.56101
0.0000 4.7198E-7
-0.10000 -0.59738
-0.20000 -1.2333
-0.30000 -1.9103
-0.40000 -2.6308
-0.50000 -3.3983

4.4. Plot Groups

4.4.1. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.2. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.3. cK

pg_pg3.png

Surface: (mol/m3)

4.4.4. Delta Ionic Conc

pg_pg4.png

Surface: cK-cCl (mol/m3)

4.4.5. 2D Plot Group 5

pg_pg5.png

Surface: Element quality (Volume versus circumradius)

4.4.6. AxialConcKCl,-0.5V

pg_pg11.png

Line Graph: Concentration [K] (mol/m3) Line Graph: Concentration [Cl] (mol/m3)

4.4.7. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.8. Conc Grad

pg_pg13.png

Line Graph: Concentration gradient, z component (mol/m4) Line Graph: Concentration gradient, z component (mol/m4)

4.4.9. Mobility

pg_pg14.png

Line Graph: Mobility, zz component (s*mol/kg)

4.4.10. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.11. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.12. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.13. V axial

pg_pg1.png

4.4.14. [Avg i]

pg_pg24.png

Surface: 0.5*(cK+cCl) (mol/m3)